Thyroid neoplasm

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Thyroid neoplasm
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Lump in the neck, hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, difficulty breathing
Complications	Metastasis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism
Onset	Variable
Duration	Variable
Types	Benign tumor, Malignant tumor
Causes	Genetic mutations, radiation exposure
Risks	Family history, radiation therapy, iodine deficiency
Diagnosis	Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Thyroiditis, thyroid cyst
Prevention	Avoidance of radiation, iodine supplementation
Treatment	Surgery, radioactive iodine, thyroid hormone therapy, chemotherapy
Medication	Levothyroxine, antithyroid drugs
Prognosis	Generally good for benign, variable for malignant
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Histopathology of carcinoma of the thyroid with Ewing family tumor elements, and intrathyroid thymic carcinoma

Histopathology of follicular patterned medullary thyroid carcinoma, and intrathyroidal parathyroid tissue

Histopathology of hyperfunctioning and non-hyperfunctioning thyroid follicular adenoma, and follicular thyroid carcinoma with glomeruloid pattern

Thyroid neoplasm is a type of neoplasm or tumor that develops in the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the front of the neck, below the Adam's apple. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the body's metabolic rate, heart and digestive function, muscle control, brain development, mood, and bone maintenance.

Types of Thyroid Neoplasm

There are several types of thyroid neoplasms, including:

• Papillary thyroid carcinoma: This is the most common type of thyroid cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. It grows very slowly and usually affects only one lobe of the thyroid gland.
• Follicular thyroid carcinoma: This type accounts for about 10% to 15% of all thyroid cancers. It grows slowly and is more likely to spread to the blood vessels and bones.
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma: This type accounts for about 3% of all thyroid cancers. It is more likely to be inherited and to spread to other parts of the body.
• Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: This is a rare type of thyroid cancer that grows very quickly and is difficult to treat.

Symptoms

Symptoms of thyroid neoplasm may include a lump or swelling in the neck, pain in the front of the neck, hoarseness or other voice changes, difficulty swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of thyroid neoplasm typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, imaging tests, and a biopsy.

Treatment

Treatment options for thyroid neoplasm may include surgery, radioactive iodine therapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted drug therapy.

Images

• 
  Histopathology of lipid-rich follicular thyroid carcinoma, and adenolipoma
• 
  Histopathology of medullary thyroid carcinoma, solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and biplastic Hürthle cell
• 
  Histopathology of metastatic cancers to the thyroid
• 
  Histopathology of mucinous thyroid tumors
• 
  Histopathology of spindle cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and meningioma-like follicular adenoma
• 
  Histopathology of squamous cells tumors of the thyroid, and sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma
• 
  Histopathology of tall cell and hobnail variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma
• 
  Histopathology of thyroid tumor with solid cell nest features, and hyalinizing trabecular tumor

See Also

• Thyroid gland
• Neoplasm
• Cancer
• Thyroid cancer