Urinary retention: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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Urinary | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Urinary retention | |||
| image = [[File:Harnverhalt.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Ultrasound image showing urinary retention | |||
| field = [[Urology]] | |||
| synonyms = Ischuria | |||
| symptoms = Inability to urinate, [[abdominal pain]], [[bladder distension]] | |||
| complications = [[Urinary tract infection]], [[bladder damage]], [[kidney damage]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Can be acute or chronic | |||
| causes = [[Prostate enlargement]], [[urethral stricture]], [[neurological disorders]], [[medications]] | |||
| risks = [[Male gender]], [[older age]], [[surgery]], [[medications]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[bladder scan]], [[ultrasound]] | |||
| differential = [[Urinary incontinence]], [[bladder outlet obstruction]] | |||
| treatment = [[Catheterization]], [[medications]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Alpha blockers]], [[5-alpha-reductase inhibitors]] | |||
| frequency = Common in older males | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Sequence 02 1.ogv|Urinary retention|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:Urinaryobstruction.png|Urinary retention|thumb]] | |||
[[File:Ultrasound of trabeculated urinary bladder.jpg|Urinary retention|thumb|left]] | |||
Urinary retention is a medical condition characterized by the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from a variety of causes, including obstruction, nerve problems, or medications. | Urinary retention is a medical condition characterized by the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from a variety of causes, including obstruction, nerve problems, or medications. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Urinary retention can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive causes. | Urinary retention can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive causes. | ||
===Obstructive Causes=== | ===Obstructive Causes=== | ||
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (BPH) | * [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (BPH) | ||
* [[Urethral stricture]] | * [[Urethral stricture]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 30: | ||
* [[Tumors]] in the pelvic region | * [[Tumors]] in the pelvic region | ||
* [[Constipation]] | * [[Constipation]] | ||
===Non-Obstructive Causes=== | ===Non-Obstructive Causes=== | ||
* [[Neurological disorders]] such as [[multiple sclerosis]], [[spinal cord injury]], or [[stroke]] | * [[Neurological disorders]] such as [[multiple sclerosis]], [[spinal cord injury]], or [[stroke]] | ||
* [[Medications]] such as anticholinergics, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants | * [[Medications]] such as anticholinergics, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants | ||
* [[Infections]] such as [[urinary tract infection]] | * [[Infections]] such as [[urinary tract infection]] | ||
* [[Surgery]] affecting the pelvic region | * [[Surgery]] affecting the pelvic region | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic. | The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic. | ||
===Acute Urinary Retention=== | ===Acute Urinary Retention=== | ||
* Sudden inability to urinate | * Sudden inability to urinate | ||
* Severe pain in the lower abdomen | * Severe pain in the lower abdomen | ||
* Urgent need to urinate | * Urgent need to urinate | ||
* Swelling of the lower abdomen | * Swelling of the lower abdomen | ||
===Chronic Urinary Retention=== | ===Chronic Urinary Retention=== | ||
* Frequent urination | * Frequent urination | ||
* Difficulty starting urination | * Difficulty starting urination | ||
| Line 40: | Line 48: | ||
* Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying | * Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying | ||
* Urinary incontinence | * Urinary incontinence | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of urinary retention involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. | Diagnosis of urinary retention involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. | ||
* [[Medical history]] and symptom review | * [[Medical history]] and symptom review | ||
* [[Physical examination]] including a digital rectal exam for men | * [[Physical examination]] including a digital rectal exam for men | ||
| Line 50: | Line 55: | ||
* [[Urodynamic tests]] to assess bladder function | * [[Urodynamic tests]] to assess bladder function | ||
* [[Cystoscopy]] to visualize the urethra and bladder | * [[Cystoscopy]] to visualize the urethra and bladder | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery. | Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery. | ||
===Medications=== | ===Medications=== | ||
* [[Alpha-blockers]] to relax the muscles of the bladder neck and prostate | * [[Alpha-blockers]] to relax the muscles of the bladder neck and prostate | ||
* [[5-alpha reductase inhibitors]] for BPH | * [[5-alpha reductase inhibitors]] for BPH | ||
* [[Antibiotics]] for infections | * [[Antibiotics]] for infections | ||
===Catheterization=== | ===Catheterization=== | ||
* [[Intermittent catheterization]] | * [[Intermittent catheterization]] | ||
* [[Indwelling catheter]] | * [[Indwelling catheter]] | ||
===Surgery=== | ===Surgery=== | ||
* [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP) | * [[Transurethral resection of the prostate]] (TURP) | ||
* [[Urethral dilation]] | * [[Urethral dilation]] | ||
* [[Prostatectomy]] | * [[Prostatectomy]] | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as: | If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as: | ||
* [[Bladder damage]] | * [[Bladder damage]] | ||
* [[Kidney damage]] | * [[Kidney damage]] | ||
* [[Urinary tract infections]] | * [[Urinary tract infections]] | ||
* [[Bladder stones]] | * [[Bladder stones]] | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures for urinary retention include: | Preventive measures for urinary retention include: | ||
* Regular medical check-ups | * Regular medical check-ups | ||
* Managing underlying conditions such as BPH | * Managing underlying conditions such as BPH | ||
* Avoiding medications that can cause urinary retention | * Avoiding medications that can cause urinary retention | ||
* Maintaining a healthy lifestyle | * Maintaining a healthy lifestyle | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Urinary incontinence]] | * [[Urinary incontinence]] | ||
* [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] | * [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] | ||
* [[Urodynamics]] | * [[Urodynamics]] | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
* [American Urological Association](https://www.auanet.org) | * [American Urological Association](https://www.auanet.org) | ||
* [National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases](https://www.niddk.nih.gov) | * [National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases](https://www.niddk.nih.gov) | ||
{{Medical conditions}} | {{Medical conditions}} | ||
[[Category:Urology]] | [[Category:Urology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system]] | [[Category:Symptoms and signs: Urinary system]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:56, 13 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Urinary retention | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Ischuria |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Inability to urinate, abdominal pain, bladder distension |
| Complications | Urinary tract infection, bladder damage, kidney damage |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Can be acute or chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Prostate enlargement, urethral stricture, neurological disorders, medications |
| Risks | Male gender, older age, surgery, medications |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, bladder scan, ultrasound |
| Differential diagnosis | Urinary incontinence, bladder outlet obstruction |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Catheterization, medications, surgery |
| Medication | Alpha blockers, 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common in older males |
| Deaths | N/A |
Urinary retention is a medical condition characterized by the inability to empty the bladder completely. It can be acute or chronic and may result from a variety of causes, including obstruction, nerve problems, or medications.
Causes[edit]
Urinary retention can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly categorized into obstructive and non-obstructive causes.
Obstructive Causes[edit]
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
- Urethral stricture
- Bladder stones
- Tumors in the pelvic region
- Constipation
Non-Obstructive Causes[edit]
- Neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or stroke
- Medications such as anticholinergics, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants
- Infections such as urinary tract infection
- Surgery affecting the pelvic region
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of urinary retention can vary depending on whether the condition is acute or chronic.
Acute Urinary Retention[edit]
- Sudden inability to urinate
- Severe pain in the lower abdomen
- Urgent need to urinate
- Swelling of the lower abdomen
Chronic Urinary Retention[edit]
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty starting urination
- Weak urine stream
- Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
- Urinary incontinence
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of urinary retention involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
- Medical history and symptom review
- Physical examination including a digital rectal exam for men
- Bladder scan to measure post-void residual volume
- Urodynamic tests to assess bladder function
- Cystoscopy to visualize the urethra and bladder
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for urinary retention depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, catheterization, or surgery.
Medications[edit]
- Alpha-blockers to relax the muscles of the bladder neck and prostate
- 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for BPH
- Antibiotics for infections
Catheterization[edit]
Surgery[edit]
Complications[edit]
If left untreated, urinary retention can lead to serious complications such as:
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for urinary retention include:
- Regular medical check-ups
- Managing underlying conditions such as BPH
- Avoiding medications that can cause urinary retention
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle
See Also[edit]
External Links[edit]
- [American Urological Association](https://www.auanet.org)
- [National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases](https://www.niddk.nih.gov)
