Waldmann disease

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Waldmann disease
Synonyms	Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia
Pronounce
Specialty	Gastroenterology, Immunology
Symptoms	Edema, diarrhea, abdominal pain, protein-losing enteropathy
Complications	Malnutrition, immunodeficiency
Onset	Childhood or early adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types
Causes	Congenital malformation of intestinal lymphatics
Risks
Diagnosis	Endoscopy, biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Crohn's disease, celiac disease, Whipple's disease
Prevention
Treatment	Dietary management, medium-chain triglycerides, albumin infusions
Medication
Prognosis	Variable, depends on severity and management
Frequency	Rare
Deaths

Vasoplegic syndrome is a medical condition characterized by low systemic vascular resistance, leading to hypotension. It is often associated with high cardiac output and can occur in various clinical scenarios, including after cardiac surgery.

Causes

The exact cause of vasoplegic syndrome is not fully understood. However, it is believed to be related to an imbalance in the body's regulation of blood vessel dilation and constriction. This can be triggered by various factors, including:

• Cardiac surgery
• Sepsis
• Cancer
• Use of certain medications, such as vasodilators

Symptoms

The primary symptom of vasoplegic syndrome is hypotension (low blood pressure), despite normal or high cardiac output. Other symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and may include:

• Tachycardia (fast heart rate)
• Warm and flushed skin
• Low urine output

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vasoplegic syndrome is typically based on the clinical presentation and the exclusion of other causes of hypotension. Diagnostic tests may include:

• Blood tests
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac catheterization

Treatment

Treatment of vasoplegic syndrome aims to correct the hypotension and improve organ perfusion. This may involve:

• Intravenous fluids
• Vasopressors
• Inotropic agents
• Treatment of the underlying cause

Prognosis

The prognosis of vasoplegic syndrome can vary greatly depending on the underlying cause and the patient's overall health. In some cases, it can be a life-threatening condition requiring intensive care.

See also

• Cardiac output
• Vascular resistance
• Hypotension

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