Urethral cancer

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Urethral cancer
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hematuria, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, pelvic pain
Complications	Metastasis, urinary obstruction
Onset	Typically in adults
Duration	Varies
Types	Squamous cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma
Causes	Smoking, chronic irritation, human papillomavirus
Risks	Age, gender, history of bladder cancer
Diagnosis	Cystoscopy, biopsy, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Bladder cancer, urethritis, benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prevention	Avoidance of risk factors
Treatment	Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Depends on stage and type
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Urethral cancer is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. It can affect both men and women, though it is more common in women.

Types

Urethral cancer can be classified into several types based on the type of cells involved:

• Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the most common type of urethral cancer, originating in the flat cells lining the urethra.
• Transitional cell carcinoma: This type arises from the cells that are similar to those lining the bladder and is more common in the part of the urethra closest to the bladder.
• Adenocarcinoma: This type develops from glandular cells and is less common.

Symptoms

Symptoms of urethral cancer may include:

• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Weak or interrupted urine flow
• Frequent urination
• Discharge from the urethra
• A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of urethral cancer typically involves a combination of:

• Cystoscopy: A procedure that allows the doctor to view the inside of the bladder and urethra.
• Biopsy: A sample of tissue is taken for examination under a microscope.
• Imaging tests: Such as CT scans, MRIs, or ultrasound to determine the extent of the cancer.

Treatment

Treatment options for urethral cancer depend on the stage and location of the cancer and may include:

• Surgery: To remove the cancerous tissue, which may involve partial or total removal of the urethra.
• Radiation therapy: To destroy cancer cells using high-energy rays.
• Chemotherapy: The use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often used in advanced cases.

Prognosis

The prognosis for urethral cancer varies depending on the stage at diagnosis and the type of cancer. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Epidemiology

Urethral cancer is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all cancers. It is more prevalent in women than in men and is more common in individuals over the age of 50.

See also

• Bladder cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Kidney cancer