Hookworm infection

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hookworm infection
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, anemia
Complications	Iron deficiency anemia, malnutrition
Onset	1-2 weeks after exposure
Duration	Can be chronic if untreated
Types	N/A
Causes	Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
Risks	Walking barefoot in contaminated soil, poor sanitation
Diagnosis	Stool examination, blood test
Differential diagnosis	Ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, trichuriasis
Prevention	Improved sanitation, wearing shoes
Treatment	Albendazole, mebendazole
Medication	Anthelmintics
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Affects approximately 576-740 million people worldwide
Deaths	65,000 deaths annually

Hookworm

Hookworm infection is a parasitic infection caused by helminths of the Nematode class. The two main species that infect humans are Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale.

Epidemiology

Hookworm infection is common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where sanitation is poor and people often walk barefoot. It is estimated that up to 740 million people worldwide are infected with hookworm.

Life cycle

The life cycle of hookworms begins with the release of eggs in the feces of an infected person. These eggs hatch in the soil and develop into larvae, which can penetrate the skin of a human host. Once inside the body, the larvae migrate to the lungs, are coughed up and swallowed, and then reach the small intestine, where they mature into adult worms.

Symptoms and complications

Most people with hookworm infection have no symptoms. However, heavy infections can cause a range of symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue and anemia. In children, chronic hookworm infection can cause growth retardation and cognitive impairment.

Diagnosis

Hookworm infection is diagnosed by finding hookworm eggs in a stool sample. Other diagnostic methods include serological tests and endoscopy.

Treatment

The treatment for hookworm infection is antihelminthic medication, such as albendazole or mebendazole. Iron supplements may also be given to treat anemia.

Prevention

Prevention of hookworm infection involves improving sanitation, wearing shoes, and avoiding contact with soil that may be contaminated with human feces.

See also

• Parasitic diseases
• Helminthiasis
• Tropical diseases

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