Tracheobronchomalacia

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Tracheobronchomalacia
Synonyms	TBM
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Cough, wheezing, dyspnea
Complications	Respiratory failure, pneumonia
Onset	Can be congenital or acquired
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Congenital disorder, chronic inflammation, external compression
Risks	Smoking, COPD, tracheostomy
Diagnosis	Bronchoscopy, CT scan, pulmonary function test
Differential diagnosis	Asthma, chronic bronchitis, tracheal stenosis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	CPAP, surgery, stenting
Medication	Bronchodilator, corticosteroid
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Tracheobronchomalacia is a condition where the walls of the trachea and bronchi are weakened, leading to their collapse. This can cause breathing difficulties and other respiratory issues. It can be congenital or acquired later in life.

Signs and symptoms

The primary symptom of tracheobronchomalacia is difficulty breathing, which may be accompanied by a persistent cough, wheezing, and recurrent respiratory infections. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory distress and failure.

Causes

Tracheobronchomalacia can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth, or acquired due to other conditions such as chronic inflammation, prolonged intubation, or external compression by tumors or other structures.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of tracheobronchomalacia typically involves imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans or bronchoscopy, which allow visualization of the airway and assessment of its structural integrity.

Treatment

Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be managed with bronchodilators and positive airway pressure therapy. Severe cases might require surgical intervention, such as tracheal stenting or tracheobronchoplasty.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with tracheobronchomalacia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. With appropriate management, many patients can achieve significant improvement in symptoms.

See also

• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Respiratory system
• Tracheobronchomalacia on Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD)