Peripartum cardiomyopathy

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Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Synonyms	Postpartum cardiomyopathy
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling of the legs and feet
Complications	Heart failure, arrhythmia, thromboembolism
Onset	Last month of pregnancy or within 5 months after delivery
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Unknown, possibly autoimmune, genetic, or viral
Risks	Multiple pregnancy, hypertension, advanced maternal age, African descent
Diagnosis	Echocardiogram, electrocardiogram, blood tests
Differential diagnosis	Dilated cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Diuretics, beta blockers, ACE inhibitors, anticoagulants
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable; some recover completely, others may have persistent heart failure
Frequency	1 in 1,000 to 1 in 4,000 live births
Deaths	N/A

File:UOTW 14 - Ultrasound of the Week 1.webm File:UOTW 14 - Ultrasound of the Week 2.webm

Ultrasound of the Week 3

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (also known as PPCM or pregnancy-associated cardiomyopathy) is a rare form of heart failure that occurs during the last month of pregnancy or up to five months after giving birth. The condition is characterized by the weakening of the heart muscle, which leads to the heart's inability to pump blood efficiently.

Symptoms

The symptoms of peripartum cardiomyopathy can mimic those of normal pregnancy, making it difficult to diagnose. They may include:

• Fatigue
• Feeling of rapid heartbeat or palpitations
• Increased nighttime urination
• Shortness of breath with activity and when lying flat
• Swelling of the ankles
• Swollen neck veins
• Low blood pressure, or it may drop when standing up.

Causes

The exact cause of peripartum cardiomyopathy is unknown. However, several factors may contribute to the development of the condition, including:

• Genetics
• Inflammation
• Viral infection of the heart
• Malnutrition
• Multiple pregnancies
• Being African American
• Being older than 30
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Alcoholism
• Hypertension
• Preeclampsia

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy involves a physical examination, medical history, and several tests, including:

• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram
• Chest X-ray
• Cardiac MRI
• Blood tests

Treatment

Treatment for peripartum cardiomyopathy aims to manage symptoms and improve the heart's function. It may include:

• Medications
• Lifestyle changes
• Device therapy
• Heart transplant in severe cases

Prognosis

The prognosis for women with peripartum cardiomyopathy varies. Some women may completely recover, while others may have lasting heart damage.

See also

• Cardiomyopathy
• Heart failure
• Pregnancy

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