Parapharyngeal space

Parapharyngeal Space

The Parapharyngeal Space (PPS) is an anatomical area in the neck, which is part of the deep spaces of the head and neck. It is a potential space, meaning it is normally collapsed but can fill with fluid or mass lesions. The PPS is shaped like an inverted pyramid, with the base at the skull base and the apex at the greater cornu of the hyoid bone.

Anatomy

The PPS is divided into two compartments by the styloid process and the muscles attached to it: the prestyloid and poststyloid (or carotid) spaces. The prestyloid space contains fat and minor salivary glands, while the poststyloid space contains the carotid sheath and its contents, including the internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and cranial nerves IX through XII.

Clinical Significance

The PPS is clinically significant because it can be the site of various pathologies, including tumors, infections, and vascular lesions. Tumors in the PPS are rare but can be benign or malignant. The most common benign tumors are pleomorphic adenomas of the minor salivary glands, while the most common malignant tumors are squamous cell carcinomas and lymphomas.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of PPS lesions typically involves imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. Biopsy may also be performed to determine the nature of the lesion.

Treatment

Treatment of PPS lesions depends on the nature of the lesion. Benign tumors are typically treated with surgery, while malignant tumors may require a combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

See Also

• Head and neck anatomy
• Head and neck cancer
• Salivary gland tumor
• Computed tomography
• Magnetic resonance imaging
• Ultrasound

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