Magnesium deficiency

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Magnesium deficiency
Synonyms	Hypomagnesemia
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Muscle cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, personality changes, seizures, abnormal heart rhythms
Complications	Osteoporosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease
Onset	Gradual
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Inadequate dietary intake, gastrointestinal disorders, renal disorders, chronic alcoholism, medications
Risks	Diabetes, older age, gastrointestinal surgery
Diagnosis	Blood test, urine test
Differential diagnosis	Calcium deficiency, potassium deficiency
Prevention	Adequate dietary intake of magnesium
Treatment	Magnesium supplements, intravenous magnesium
Medication	Magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

File:Hypomagnesemia.webm

Magnesium deficiency

Magnesium deficiency is a health condition that occurs when a person has insufficient levels of magnesium in their body. This essential mineral plays a crucial role in over 300 enzyme reactions in the human body, including those involved in the synthesis of fat, protein, and nucleic acids, neurotransmitter activity, and bone and cell formation.

Causes

Magnesium deficiency can be caused by a variety of factors. These include inadequate dietary intake of magnesium, chronic diarrhea, malabsorption, excessive urination, and the use of certain medications such as diuretics, antibiotics, and medications used to treat cancer (chemotherapeutic agents).

Symptoms

The symptoms of magnesium deficiency can vary depending on the severity of the deficiency. They may include loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and weakness. In more severe cases, it can lead to numbness, tingling, muscle cramps, seizures, personality changes, and an abnormal heart rhythm.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing magnesium deficiency usually involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as blood tests to measure magnesium levels. However, it's important to note that only 1% of magnesium in the body is distributed in the blood, making a blood test not very helpful in diagnosing magnesium deficiency.

Treatment

Treatment for magnesium deficiency typically involves oral magnesium supplements, increased dietary intake of magnesium, or intravenous magnesium in severe cases.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for magnesium deficiency include consuming a diet rich in magnesium, such as green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains.

See also

• Mineral (nutrient)
• Human nutrition
• Hypomagnesemia

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