Lick granuloma

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Lick granuloma
Synonyms	Acral lick dermatitis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Persistent licking, skin lesions, alopecia, erythema, ulceration
Complications	Infection, scarring, chronic pain
Onset	Any age, more common in middle-aged to older dogs
Duration	Chronic, can persist for months to years
Types	N/A
Causes	Psychogenic, allergies, arthritis, neuropathy
Risks	Stress, boredom, anxiety, confinement
Diagnosis	Physical examination, biopsy, culture
Differential diagnosis	Dermatitis, fungal infection, neoplasia
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Behavioral modification, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, laser therapy
Medication	Fluoxetine, clomipramine, corticosteroids
Prognosis	Variable, often requires long-term management
Frequency	Common in certain breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds
Deaths	N/A

Lick Granuloma, also known as acral lick dermatitis, is a skin disorder found primarily in dogs, and less commonly in cats. It is characterized by the animal's incessant licking of a small area of the body, leading to skin damage, inflammation, and in chronic cases, a thickened, firm, oval lesion. The condition is often associated with underlying psychological issues, such as anxiety, boredom, or stress, but can also be triggered by allergies, infections, or joint pain.

Causes

Lick granuloma can be triggered by a variety of factors, both psychological and physical. Psychological factors include stress, anxiety, boredom, or compulsive behavior. Physical causes may involve allergies, infections, arthritis, or any condition causing itchiness or pain that prompts the animal to lick the area excessively.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of lick granuloma is the presence of a well-defined, thickened, hairless area on the skin, usually on a limb. The affected area may appear red, swollen, and can sometimes ooze fluid. Over time, the constant licking leads to a hard, raised lesion. If left untreated, secondary infections, both bacterial and fungal, can develop in the damaged skin.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of lick granuloma involves a thorough history and physical examination by a veterinarian. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial and may require a variety of tests, including skin scrapings, cultures, allergy testing, and possibly imaging studies like X-rays or an MRI to rule out bone or joint problems.

Treatment

Treatment of lick granuloma is multifaceted and depends on the underlying cause. It may include:

• Behavioral therapy to address psychological triggers
• Medications to treat anxiety or compulsive behaviors
• Topical treatments to heal the skin and discourage licking
• Antibiotics or antifungal medications for secondary infections
• Treatment of underlying conditions such as allergies or arthritis

In some cases, physical barriers like bandages or Elizabethan collars may be necessary to prevent the animal from licking the affected area.

Prevention

Preventing lick granuloma involves addressing any underlying health or psychological issues and ensuring the animal has a healthy environment. Regular exercise, mental stimulation, and avoiding stressors can help reduce the risk. Early intervention at the first sign of excessive licking can prevent the development of a full-blown granuloma.

See Also

• Dermatitis
• Compulsive behavior
• Animal behavior
• Skin infection

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