Ornithine translocase deficiency

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Ornithine translocase deficiency
Synonyms	Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria syndrome (HHH syndrome)
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Hyperammonemia, encephalopathy, seizures, ataxia, lethargy
Complications	N/A
Onset	Neonatal or early childhood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Mutations in the SLC25A15 gene
Risks	Genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, ammonia levels, urine organic acids
Differential diagnosis	Urea cycle disorders, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Low-protein diet, ammonia scavengers, arginine supplementation
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on early diagnosis and management
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Can be fatal if untreated

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance Pattern

Ornithine translocase deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by an inability of the body to transport the amino acid ornithine. This condition is also known as Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-Homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome. It is a type of urea cycle disorder, which affects the body's ability to get rid of ammonia, a toxic byproduct of protein metabolism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of Ornithine translocase deficiency can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe. They may include neurological problems, such as developmental delay, intellectual disability, and seizures; gastrointestinal issues, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and failure to thrive; and other symptoms, such as liver disease and hair loss.

Causes

Ornithine translocase deficiency is caused by mutations in the SLC25A15 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that is found in the mitochondria, the energy-producing centers of cells. The protein, called ornithine translocase, is responsible for transporting ornithine across the mitochondrial membrane.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Ornithine translocase deficiency is typically made through genetic testing, which can identify mutations in the SLC25A15 gene. Other tests, such as blood tests and urine tests, may also be used to measure levels of ammonia and other substances in the body.

Treatment

Treatment for Ornithine translocase deficiency typically involves a low-protein diet to reduce the amount of ammonia produced by the body. Medications may also be used to help remove ammonia from the body. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with Ornithine translocase deficiency varies depending on the severity of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, many individuals with this condition can lead relatively normal lives.

See also

• Urea cycle disorder
• Metabolic disorder
• Amino acid
• Ornithine
• Ammonia
• SLC25A15

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