Dizziness

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC

Dizziness
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Vertigo, lightheadedness, unsteadiness, nausea
Complications	Falls, injury
Onset	Sudden or gradual
Duration	Short-term or long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Inner ear disorders, cardiovascular disease, medication side effects, anxiety disorders
Risks	Age, previous head injury, ear infections, migraine
Diagnosis	Medical history, physical examination, audiometry, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Vertigo, presyncope, disequilibrium, anxiety
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Vestibular rehabilitation, medication, lifestyle changes
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Varies depending on cause
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations including lightheadedness, unsteadiness, and the perceptions of turning, spinning, or rocking. While it can be a symptom of various underlying conditions or disorders, it's often not due to a serious health threat. Understanding the nature, causes, and potential treatments for dizziness can aid individuals in managing and seeking appropriate care.

Definition and Types

Dizziness can be classified into several types based on the sensation described:

• Lightheadedness: A vague and floaty sensation, often leading to a feeling of almost fainting.
• Vertigo: A false sense that either the individual or their surroundings are spinning or moving. Often associated with issues in the inner ear.
• Disequilibrium: A lack of balance or unsteadiness, without the spinning sensation of vertigo.
• Floating sensation: A sensation of being detached from the surroundings or oneself.

Common Causes

Dizziness can result from a myriad of causes:

• Inner Ear Problems: Conditions like benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), labyrinthitis, or Meniere's disease can lead to vertigo.
• Infections: Viral or bacterial infections affecting the inner ear.
• Circulation issues: Conditions like orthostatic hypotension, atrial fibrillation, or other heart-related problems.
• Medications: Some medications list dizziness as a potential side effect.
• Anxiety disorders: Conditions such as panic disorder can induce dizziness.
• Migraine: People might experience dizziness symptoms during or after migraines.

Diagnosis

To determine the cause of dizziness, medical professionals may:

• Review medical history and medications.
• Conduct a physical examination.
• Recommend tests like blood work, MRI, CT scan, or balance tests.

Treatment and Management

Treatment largely depends on the underlying cause:

• Vestibular rehabilitation: This is a type of physical therapy that aids people with balance problems.
• Medication: Drugs like meclizine or diazepam might be prescribed.
• Lifestyle changes: Reducing caffeine or alcohol intake, managing stress, or adopting specific sleeping positions.

Prevention and Tips

• Avoid sudden changes in position or rapid head movements.
• Manage stress and anxiety through relaxation techniques.
• Stay hydrated.
• Be cautious with medications known to cause dizziness.

See Also

• Vertigo
• Inner ear
• Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
• Meniere's disease
• Migraine
• Orthostatic Hypotension

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