Geography of São Tomé and Príncipe

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== Geography of São Tomé and Príncipe ==

São Tomé and Príncipe is an island nation located in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two main islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, which are part of a chain of extinct volcanoes. The country is known for its rich biodiversity, unique ecosystems, and diverse landscapes.

Location and Size

São Tomé and Príncipe is situated approximately 240 kilometers (150 miles) off the northwestern coast of Gabon. The total area of the country is about 1,001 square kilometers (386 square miles), with São Tomé being the larger of the two islands, covering around 859 square kilometers (331 square miles), and Príncipe covering approximately 142 square kilometers (55 square miles).

Topography

The islands are characterized by rugged terrain, with volcanic peaks and lush rainforests. The highest point in São Tomé and Príncipe is Pico de São Tomé, which reaches an elevation of 2,024 meters (6,640 feet) above sea level. The islands also feature numerous rivers and streams, which contribute to the fertile soil and diverse flora.

Climate

The climate of São Tomé and Príncipe is tropical, with a hot and humid environment. The islands experience two main seasons: the rainy season, which lasts from October to May, and the dry season, which occurs from June to September. The average annual temperature is around 27°C (80°F), with little variation throughout the year.

Flora and Fauna

São Tomé and Príncipe is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species, many of which are endemic to the islands. The rainforests are rich in biodiversity, with numerous species of birds, insects, and plants. The islands are also known for their unique orchids and other tropical plants.

Natural Resources

The islands have limited natural resources, with the primary economic activities being agriculture, fishing, and tourism. The fertile soil and favorable climate allow for the cultivation of crops such as cocoa, coffee, and palm oil.

Environmental Concerns

São Tomé and Príncipe faces several environmental challenges, including deforestation, soil erosion, and the impact of climate change. Efforts are being made to promote sustainable development and conservation of the islands' natural resources.

Related Pages

• São Tomé Island
• Príncipe Island
• Gulf of Guinea
• Central Africa
• Volcano
• Rainforest
• Biodiversity
• Climate change

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