Fine-needle aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (pronunciation: /faɪnˈniːdəl æˈspaɪəˌreɪʃən/), also known as FNA, is a diagnostic procedure used to investigate lumps or masses. In this technique, a thin (fine), hollow needle is inserted into the mass for sampling of cells that, after being stained, will be examined under a microscope.

Etymology

The term "fine-needle aspiration" is derived from the English words "fine" meaning thin or slender, "needle" referring to the instrument used to perform the procedure, and "aspiration" which in this context means to draw out by suction.

Procedure

During a fine-needle aspiration, a healthcare professional inserts a thin needle directly into the tumor or lump. The needle is attached to a syringe that creates a vacuum, allowing for the collection of cells from the lump. The collected cells are then sent to a pathology lab for analysis.

Uses

Fine-needle aspiration is primarily used to diagnose various types of cancer, including breast cancer, thyroid cancer, and lymphoma. It can also be used to test for infections and other diseases.

Risks

While generally considered safe, fine-needle aspiration does carry some risks, including bleeding, infection, and in rare cases, spreading of the cancer cells along the needle track.

Related Terms

Biopsy: A procedure that involves the removal of tissue or cells for examination under a microscope.
Cytology: The study of cells, including their formation, origin, structure, function, and pathology.
Histopathology: The study of changes in tissues caused by disease.

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Fine-needle aspiration