Breast biopsy

Breast Biopsy

A breast biopsy is a medical procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope. This procedure is typically performed to evaluate a suspicious area in the breast, such as a lump or abnormality detected through mammography, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The goal of a breast biopsy is to determine whether the area of concern is benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Needle biopsy procedure

Types of Breast Biopsies

There are several types of breast biopsies, each with its own indications and techniques. The choice of biopsy method depends on various factors, including the size, location, and characteristics of the breast abnormality, as well as patient preferences and medical history.

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB)

Fine needle aspiration biopsy involves using a thin, hollow needle to extract cells from a breast lump. This procedure is minimally invasive and can be performed quickly, often in a doctor's office. FNAB is typically used for lumps that are easily accessible and palpable.

Core Needle Biopsy

A core needle biopsy uses a larger needle than FNAB to remove a small cylinder of tissue from the breast. This method provides more tissue for analysis, which can be crucial for an accurate diagnosis. Core needle biopsies are often guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or stereotactic guidance.

Stereotactic Biopsy

Stereotactic biopsy is a type of core needle biopsy that uses mammography to precisely locate the area of concern within the breast. The patient lies face down on a special table, and the breast is compressed and imaged from different angles to guide the needle to the target area.

Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy

Vacuum-assisted biopsy involves the use of a vacuum-powered instrument to collect multiple tissue samples through a single needle insertion. This technique allows for the removal of larger tissue samples and is often used for areas that are difficult to reach with standard core needle biopsy.

Surgical Biopsy

Surgical breast biopsy

A surgical biopsy, also known as an open biopsy, involves making an incision in the breast to remove a portion or all of the suspicious area. This type of biopsy is more invasive and is usually performed when other biopsy methods are inconclusive or when the entire lump needs to be removed.

Procedure and Recovery

The procedure for a breast biopsy varies depending on the type of biopsy being performed. Most needle biopsies are outpatient procedures that require local anesthesia, while surgical biopsies may require general anesthesia and a longer recovery period.

After the biopsy, patients may experience some bruising, swelling, or discomfort at the biopsy site. It is important to follow post-procedure care instructions provided by the healthcare provider to ensure proper healing.

Interpretation of Results

The tissue samples obtained from a breast biopsy are examined by a pathologist to determine the presence of cancerous cells. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions, such as surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.

Related Pages

• Mammography
• Breast cancer
• Ultrasound
• Magnetic resonance imaging