Hyperventilation

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hyperventilation
Synonyms	Overbreathing
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Pulmonology, Psychiatry
Symptoms	Rapid breathing, dizziness, tingling in the extremities, lightheadedness, syncope
Complications	Respiratory alkalosis, tetany, seizures
Onset	Sudden
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Anxiety, panic disorder, stress, pain, fever, head injury
Risks	Panic attacks, anxiety disorders
Diagnosis	Based on clinical presentation and medical history
Differential diagnosis	Asthma, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction
Prevention	Breathing exercises, stress management
Treatment	Rebreathing into a paper bag, cognitive behavioral therapy, medication
Medication	Benzodiazepines, SSRIs
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	N/A

Hyperventilation is a condition characterized by abnormally rapid breathing, often caused by anxiety or panic. This rapid breathing can lead to decreased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, which can cause a variety of symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, shortness of breath, and a feeling of unsteadiness.

Causes

Hyperventilation can be caused by a variety of factors, including anxiety, panic disorder, stress, or a physical health condition such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It can also be a symptom of certain metabolic disorders, such as metabolic acidosis.

Symptoms

The symptoms of hyperventilation can vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:

• Rapid, deep breathing
• Feeling of breathlessness or inability to get enough air
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Weakness or fatigue
• Tingling or numbness in the hands, feet, or lips
• Chest pain or tightness
• Feeling of unsteadiness or loss of balance

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of hyperventilation is typically based on a person's symptoms and medical history. A doctor may also perform a physical examination and order tests such as a blood test or a pulmonary function test to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.

Treatment

The treatment for hyperventilation depends on the underlying cause. If the condition is caused by anxiety or panic, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or medication may be recommended. If it is caused by a physical health condition, treatment will focus on managing that condition.

See also

• Respiratory system
• Anxiety disorder
• Panic disorder
• Asthma
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Metabolic acidosis