Dental implant

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(Redirected from Dental implantology)

A dental implant is a surgical component that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, facial prosthesis, or act as an orthodontic anchor. The foundation of modern dental implants is the biological process known as osseointegration, where materials like titanium form a close bond with bone. This article delves into the concept, procedure, types, and care associated with dental implants.

Overview

Dental implants are designed to provide a foundation for replacement teeth that feel, look, and function like natural teeth. The individual who has lost teeth regains the ability to eat virtually anything and can smile with confidence, knowing that teeth appear natural and that facial contours will be preserved.

Medical uses

Common uses of dental implants
Mouth with many implant supported teeth where it is difficult to distinguish the real teeth from the prosthetic teeth.
Individual teeth were replaced with implants where it is difficult to distinguish the real teeth from the prosthetic teeth.
Implant retained overdenture
Movement in a lower denture can be decreased by implants with ball and socket retention.
Implant retained fixed partial denture (FPD)
A bridge of teeth can be supported by two or more implants.


Procedure

The dental implant procedure involves several steps:

  1. A titanium implant is surgically placed into the jawbone where the tooth is missing.
  2. A period of healing (osseointegration period) follows, where the jawbone will grow around the implant, anchoring it securely in the jaw.
  3. Once the implant has bonded to the jawbone, an abutment (a small connector post) is attached to the post to securely hold the new tooth.
  4. A replacement tooth, called a crown, is then attached to the abutment.
For implants used before 1981, see History of dental treatments.
Types of implants
A standard 13 mm root form dental implant with pen beside it for size comparison
A standard 13 mm root form dental implant with pen beside it for size comparison
A zygomatic implant is longer than standard implants and used in people without adequate bone in the maxilla. It secures to the cheek bone.
A zygomatic implant is longer than standard implants and used in people without adequate bone in the maxilla. It secures to the cheek bone.
Small diameter implant with single piece implant and abutment
A small diameter implant is a single piece implant (no abutment) that requires less bone.
Ultrashort Plateau Root Form (PRF) or "finned" dental implants used in regions that would otherwise require a sinus lift or bone graft.
Ultrashort Plateau Root Form (PRF) or "finned" dental implants used in regions that would otherwise require a sinus lift or bone graft.
An orthodontic implant is placed beside teeth to act as an anchor point to which braces can be secured.
An orthodontic implant is placed beside teeth to act as an anchor point to which braces can be secured.
A one piece all ceramic implant
A one piece all ceramic implant


Types of Dental Implants

  • Endosteal Implants: These are surgically implanted directly into the jawbone. Once the surrounding gum tissue has healed, a second surgery is needed to connect a post to the original implant. Finally, an artificial tooth (or teeth) is attached to the post-individually, or grouped on a bridge or denture.
  • Subperiosteal Implants: These consist of a metal frame that is fitted onto the jawbone just below the gum tissue. As the gums heal, the frame becomes fixed to the jawbone. Posts, which are attached to the frame, protrude through the gums. As with endosteal implants, artificial teeth are then mounted to the posts.

Benefits of Dental Implants

  • Improved appearance
  • Improved speech
  • Improved comfort
  • Easier eating
  • Improved self-esteem
  • Improved oral health
  • Durability
  • Convenience

Care for Dental Implants

Caring for dental implants is similar to caring for natural teeth, including brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups. Dental implants can last a lifetime with proper care.

Glossary

  • Osseointegration: The process by which the implant anchors to the jawbone.
  • Titanium: A metal known for its durability and biocompatibility, used in dental implants.
  • Abutment: A connector piece that joins the implant to the replacement crown, bridge, or denture.
  • Crown: The part of the implant that looks like a tooth, usually made of porcelain or ceramic for a natural appearance.
  • Endosteal Implant: A type of dental implant that is placed directly into the jawbone.
  • Subperiosteal Implant: A type of dental implant consisting of a metal frame that sits on top of the jawbone under the gum tissue.
  • Prosthesis: An artificial device used to replace a missing body part, such as a tooth, which is supported by a dental implant.

Removable dentures (overdentures)

  1. Loosening of removable denture retention: 33 percent[1]
  2. Dentures needing to be relined or having a retentive clip fracture: 16 to 19 percent[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 , Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2003, Vol. 90(Issue: 2), pp. 121–132, DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3913(03)00212-9, PMID: 12886205,


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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD