Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, anemia
Complications	Metastasis, malnutrition, anemia
Onset	Typically in adulthood
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic mutation in the CDH1 gene
Risks	Family history of the condition, genetic predisposition
Diagnosis	Genetic testing, endoscopy, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Sporadic gastric cancer, Peptic ulcer disease, Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Prevention	Prophylactic gastrectomy, regular endoscopic surveillance
Treatment	Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy
Medication	Chemotherapy drugs
Prognosis	Variable, depends on stage at diagnosis
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	High mortality if untreated

Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) is a form of stomach cancer that is passed down through families. This condition is characterized by the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer at a young age.

Causes

HDGC is caused by mutations in the CDH1 gene. This gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps cells stick together and is essential for the normal structure and function of tissues and organs. Mutations in the CDH1 gene disrupt this function, leading to the formation of cancerous tumors.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of HDGC is abdominal pain. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and weight loss. In some cases, individuals with HDGC may not show any symptoms until the disease is advanced.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of HDGC typically involves a combination of genetic testing, endoscopy, and biopsy. Genetic testing can identify mutations in the CDH1 gene, while endoscopy and biopsy can confirm the presence of cancerous cells in the stomach.

Treatment

Treatment for HDGC often involves surgery to remove the stomach (gastrectomy). Other treatments may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with HDGC varies. Early detection and treatment can improve the prognosis, but the overall survival rate is low due to the aggressive nature of this type of cancer.

See Also

• Stomach cancer
• Genetic testing
• Endoscopy
• Biopsy
• Gastrectomy
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy

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