Parathyroiditis

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Parathyroiditis is an inflammation of the parathyroid glands, which are small endocrine glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. These glands are responsible for regulating the body's calcium levels through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Causes

Parathyroiditis can be caused by various factors, including:

• Autoimmune disorders
• Infections
• Surgery or trauma to the neck
• Radiation therapy
• Genetic conditions

Symptoms

The symptoms of parathyroiditis can vary depending on the severity of the inflammation and the underlying cause. Common symptoms include:

• Neck pain
• Swelling in the neck
• Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
• Hypocalcemia (low calcium levels)
• Fatigue
• Muscle weakness
• Bone pain

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of parathyroiditis typically involves:

• Medical history and physical examination
• Blood tests to measure calcium and PTH levels
• Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
• Biopsy of the parathyroid gland

Treatment

Treatment for parathyroiditis depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Medications to manage symptoms and inflammation
• Surgery to remove affected parathyroid tissue
• Calcium and vitamin D supplements
• Antibiotics if an infection is present

Prognosis

The prognosis for parathyroiditis varies based on the cause and the effectiveness of treatment. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to a favorable outcome.

See also

• Parathyroid gland
• Parathyroid hormone
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypoparathyroidism
• Endocrine system

External links

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