Infective endocarditis

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Infective endocarditis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, heart murmur, fatigue, night sweats, shortness of breath, chest pain
Complications	Heart failure, stroke, septic emboli, glomerulonephritis
Onset	Gradual or sudden
Duration	Weeks to months
Types	N/A
Causes	Bacterial infection, fungal infection
Risks	Heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, intravenous drug use, prosthetic heart valve
Diagnosis	Blood culture, echocardiogram
Differential diagnosis	Rheumatic fever, myocarditis, pericarditis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Antibiotics, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Variable, depends on complications and treatment
Frequency	3 to 10 per 100,000 people per year
Deaths	N/A

Infective endocarditis is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocardium). It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart.

Causes

Infective endocarditis is typically caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. The most common bacteria that cause infective endocarditis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, and Enterococcus species. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through activities such as brushing teeth, eating, or through medical procedures.

Symptoms

Symptoms of infective endocarditis can vary, but may include fever, chills, fatigue, aching joints and muscles, night sweats, shortness of breath, paleness, persistent cough, swelling in feet, legs or abdomen, and unexplained weight loss.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of infective endocarditis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram or a cardiac CT scan.

Treatment

Treatment for infective endocarditis usually involves high-dose antibiotics, often given intravenously. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged heart valves.

Prevention

Prevention of infective endocarditis involves good oral hygiene and avoiding activities that can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream. In some cases, people at high risk of infective endocarditis may be given antibiotics before certain medical or dental procedures.

See also

• Endocardium
• Staphylococcus aureus
• Streptococcus viridans
• Enterococcus
• Echocardiogram
• Cardiac CT scan

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