Infective endocarditis: Difference between revisions
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'''Infective endocarditis''' is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves ([[endocardium]]). It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart. | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Infective endocarditis | |||
| image = [[File:Haemophilus_parainfluenzae_Endocarditis_PHIL_851_lores.jpg|left|thumb|alt=Infective endocarditis]] | |||
| caption = Infective endocarditis caused by ''[[Haemophilus parainfluenzae]]'' | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]], [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[heart murmur]], [[fatigue]], [[night sweats]], [[shortness of breath]], [[chest pain]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart failure]], [[stroke]], [[septic emboli]], [[glomerulonephritis]] | |||
| onset = Gradual or sudden | |||
| duration = Weeks to months | |||
| causes = [[Bacterial infection]], [[fungal infection]] | |||
| risks = [[Heart valve disease]], [[congenital heart defect]], [[intravenous drug use]], [[prosthetic heart valve]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood culture]], [[echocardiogram]] | |||
| differential = [[Rheumatic fever]], [[myocarditis]], [[pericarditis]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[surgery]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on complications and treatment | |||
| frequency = 3 to 10 per 100,000 people per year | |||
}} | |||
'''Infective endocarditis''' is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves ([[endocardium]]). It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart. | |||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Infective endocarditis is typically caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. The most common bacteria that cause infective endocarditis are [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus viridans]], and [[Enterococcus]] species. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through activities such as brushing teeth, eating, or through medical procedures. | Infective endocarditis is typically caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. The most common bacteria that cause infective endocarditis are [[Staphylococcus aureus]], [[Streptococcus viridans]], and [[Enterococcus]] species. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through activities such as brushing teeth, eating, or through medical procedures. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of infective endocarditis can vary, but may include fever, chills, fatigue, aching joints and muscles, night sweats, shortness of breath, paleness, persistent cough, swelling in feet, legs or abdomen, and unexplained weight loss. | Symptoms of infective endocarditis can vary, but may include fever, chills, fatigue, aching joints and muscles, night sweats, shortness of breath, paleness, persistent cough, swelling in feet, legs or abdomen, and unexplained weight loss. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of infective endocarditis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests such as an [[echocardiogram]] or a [[cardiac CT scan]]. | |||
Diagnosis of infective endocarditis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests such as an [[echocardiogram]] or a [[cardiac CT scan]]. | |||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for infective endocarditis usually involves high-dose antibiotics, often given intravenously. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged heart valves. | Treatment for infective endocarditis usually involves high-dose antibiotics, often given intravenously. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged heart valves. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention of infective endocarditis involves good oral hygiene and avoiding activities that can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream. In some cases, people at high risk of infective endocarditis may be given antibiotics before certain medical or dental procedures. | Prevention of infective endocarditis involves good oral hygiene and avoiding activities that can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream. In some cases, people at high risk of infective endocarditis may be given antibiotics before certain medical or dental procedures. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Endocardium]] | * [[Endocardium]] | ||
* [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | * [[Staphylococcus aureus]] | ||
| Line 29: | Line 35: | ||
* [[Echocardiogram]] | * [[Echocardiogram]] | ||
* [[Cardiac CT scan]] | * [[Cardiac CT scan]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
==Infective endocarditis== | ==Infective endocarditis== | ||
[[File:Haemophilus parainfluenzae Endocarditis PHIL 851 lores.jpg|left|thumb|Haemophilus parainfluenzae Endocarditis]] | |||
File:Haemophilus parainfluenzae Endocarditis PHIL 851 lores.jpg|Haemophilus parainfluenzae Endocarditis | [[File:Endocarditis.png|thumb|Endocarditis]] | ||
File:Endocarditis.png|Endocarditis | [[File:Endocarditis ultrasound.gif|thumb|Endocarditis ultrasound]] | ||
File:Endocarditis ultrasound.gif|Endocarditis ultrasound | [[File:Histopathology of vegetation of bacterial endocarditis.jpg|left|thumb|Histopathology of vegetation of bacterial endocarditis]] | ||
File:Histopathology of vegetation of bacterial endocarditis.jpg|Histopathology of vegetation of bacterial endocarditis | |||
Latest revision as of 12:21, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
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| Infective endocarditis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, heart murmur, fatigue, night sweats, shortness of breath, chest pain |
| Complications | Heart failure, stroke, septic emboli, glomerulonephritis |
| Onset | Gradual or sudden |
| Duration | Weeks to months |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bacterial infection, fungal infection |
| Risks | Heart valve disease, congenital heart defect, intravenous drug use, prosthetic heart valve |
| Diagnosis | Blood culture, echocardiogram |
| Differential diagnosis | Rheumatic fever, myocarditis, pericarditis |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on complications and treatment |
| Frequency | 3 to 10 per 100,000 people per year |
| Deaths | N/A |
Infective endocarditis is a serious infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves (endocardium). It is usually caused by bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart.
Causes[edit]
Infective endocarditis is typically caused by bacteria, but can also be caused by fungi or other microorganisms. The most common bacteria that cause infective endocarditis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans, and Enterococcus species. These bacteria can enter the bloodstream through activities such as brushing teeth, eating, or through medical procedures.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of infective endocarditis can vary, but may include fever, chills, fatigue, aching joints and muscles, night sweats, shortness of breath, paleness, persistent cough, swelling in feet, legs or abdomen, and unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of infective endocarditis is usually made through a combination of physical examination, blood tests, and imaging tests such as an echocardiogram or a cardiac CT scan.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for infective endocarditis usually involves high-dose antibiotics, often given intravenously. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to repair or replace damaged heart valves.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of infective endocarditis involves good oral hygiene and avoiding activities that can cause bacteria to enter the bloodstream. In some cases, people at high risk of infective endocarditis may be given antibiotics before certain medical or dental procedures.
