Hydranencephaly: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hydranencephaly | |||
| image = [[File:Hydranencephaly.jpg|alt=CT scan of a brain with hydranencephaly]] | |||
| caption = CT scan of a brain with hydranencephaly | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Irritability]], [[seizures]], [[spasticity]], [[developmental delay]] | |||
| complications = [[Hydrocephalus]], [[cerebral palsy]] | |||
| onset = [[Congenital disorder|Congenital]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Vascular insult]], [[intrauterine infection]] | |||
| risks = [[Intrauterine infection]], [[vascular accident]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Neuroimaging]] (e.g., [[CT scan]], [[MRI]]) | |||
| differential = [[Holoprosencephaly]], [[porencephaly]], [[hydrocephalus]] | |||
| treatment = [[Supportive care]], [[shunt surgery]] | |||
| prognosis = [[Poor prognosis]] | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Hydranencephaly''' is a rare [[neurological disorder]] that affects the [[brain]]'s development. It is characterized by the absence of the [[cerebral hemispheres]], which are replaced by sacs filled with [[cerebrospinal fluid]]. | '''Hydranencephaly''' is a rare [[neurological disorder]] that affects the [[brain]]'s development. It is characterized by the absence of the [[cerebral hemispheres]], which are replaced by sacs filled with [[cerebrospinal fluid]]. | ||
== Introduction == | |||
== | |||
Hydranencephaly is a type of [[cerebral cortical dysplasia]], which refers to disorders related to the abnormal development of the cerebral cortex. It is considered a severe form of [[porencephaly]], a condition where a cyst or cavity disrupts the brain's normal structure. | Hydranencephaly is a type of [[cerebral cortical dysplasia]], which refers to disorders related to the abnormal development of the cerebral cortex. It is considered a severe form of [[porencephaly]], a condition where a cyst or cavity disrupts the brain's normal structure. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
The exact cause of hydranencephaly is unknown. However, it is believed to result from vascular disruptions in the brain during the [[prenatal development|prenatal]] period. These disruptions could be due to [[infection]], [[trauma]], or [[ischemia]]. | The exact cause of hydranencephaly is unknown. However, it is believed to result from vascular disruptions in the brain during the [[prenatal development|prenatal]] period. These disruptions could be due to [[infection]], [[trauma]], or [[ischemia]]. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of hydranencephaly may include [[microcephaly]] (abnormally small head), [[spastic quadriparesis]] (paralysis of all four limbs), [[seizure]]s, and [[intellectual disability]]. Infants with this condition may also have an abnormal growth pattern, poor [[thermoregulation]], and difficulties with [[swallowing]]. | Symptoms of hydranencephaly may include [[microcephaly]] (abnormally small head), [[spastic quadriparesis]] (paralysis of all four limbs), [[seizure]]s, and [[intellectual disability]]. Infants with this condition may also have an abnormal growth pattern, poor [[thermoregulation]], and difficulties with [[swallowing]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of hydranencephaly is typically made through [[ultrasound]] during pregnancy or after birth. Other diagnostic tools may include [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) and [[computed tomography]] (CT) scans. | Diagnosis of hydranencephaly is typically made through [[ultrasound]] during pregnancy or after birth. Other diagnostic tools may include [[magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) and [[computed tomography]] (CT) scans. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
There is no cure for hydranencephaly. Treatment is supportive and aims to manage symptoms. This may include [[physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], and medication to control seizures. | There is no cure for hydranencephaly. Treatment is supportive and aims to manage symptoms. This may include [[physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], and medication to control seizures. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with hydranencephaly is generally poor, with most individuals not surviving past infancy. However, with appropriate supportive care, some individuals may live into childhood or adolescence. | The prognosis for individuals with hydranencephaly is generally poor, with most individuals not surviving past infancy. However, with appropriate supportive care, some individuals may live into childhood or adolescence. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Holoprosencephaly]] | * [[Holoprosencephaly]] | ||
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* [[Semilobar holoprosencephaly]] | * [[Semilobar holoprosencephaly]] | ||
* [[Lobar holoprosencephaly]] | * [[Lobar holoprosencephaly]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatric neurology]] | [[Category:Pediatric neurology]] | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 21:15, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hydranencephaly | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Irritability, seizures, spasticity, developmental delay |
| Complications | Hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Vascular insult, intrauterine infection |
| Risks | Intrauterine infection, vascular accident |
| Diagnosis | Neuroimaging (e.g., CT scan, MRI) |
| Differential diagnosis | Holoprosencephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Supportive care, shunt surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Poor prognosis |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Hydranencephaly is a rare neurological disorder that affects the brain's development. It is characterized by the absence of the cerebral hemispheres, which are replaced by sacs filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Introduction[edit]
Hydranencephaly is a type of cerebral cortical dysplasia, which refers to disorders related to the abnormal development of the cerebral cortex. It is considered a severe form of porencephaly, a condition where a cyst or cavity disrupts the brain's normal structure.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of hydranencephaly is unknown. However, it is believed to result from vascular disruptions in the brain during the prenatal period. These disruptions could be due to infection, trauma, or ischemia.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of hydranencephaly may include microcephaly (abnormally small head), spastic quadriparesis (paralysis of all four limbs), seizures, and intellectual disability. Infants with this condition may also have an abnormal growth pattern, poor thermoregulation, and difficulties with swallowing.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of hydranencephaly is typically made through ultrasound during pregnancy or after birth. Other diagnostic tools may include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans.
Treatment[edit]
There is no cure for hydranencephaly. Treatment is supportive and aims to manage symptoms. This may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, and medication to control seizures.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with hydranencephaly is generally poor, with most individuals not surviving past infancy. However, with appropriate supportive care, some individuals may live into childhood or adolescence.
See also[edit]
