Perinatal asphyxia: Difference between revisions
CSV import |
CSV import |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Perinatal asphyxia | |||
| synonyms = Birth asphyxia, neonatal asphyxia | |||
| field = [[Neonatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Cyanosis]], [[bradycardia]], poor [[muscle tone]], weak [[reflexes]], [[seizures]] | |||
| complications = [[Cerebral palsy]], [[intellectual disability]], [[epilepsy]], [[chronic lung disease]] | |||
| onset = At birth | |||
| duration = Variable | |||
| causes = [[Oxygen deprivation]] during [[birth]] | |||
| risks = [[Prolonged labor]], [[premature birth]], [[maternal diabetes]], [[placental abruption]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Apgar score]], [[blood gas analysis]], [[neurological examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]], [[sepsis]], [[intracranial hemorrhage]] | |||
| prevention = Proper [[prenatal care]], timely [[cesarean section]] if needed | |||
| treatment = [[Resuscitation]], [[therapeutic hypothermia]], [[supportive care]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on severity and duration of asphyxia | |||
| frequency = 2 to 10 per 1000 live births | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A medical condition in newborns}} | {{Short description|A medical condition in newborns}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}} | ||
'''Perinatal asphyxia''' is a medical condition characterized by a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) to a newborn infant that occurs during the perinatal period, which is the time immediately before and after birth. This condition can lead to significant [[neurological]] damage and is a major cause of [[neonatal]] morbidity and mortality. | '''Perinatal asphyxia''' is a medical condition characterized by a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) to a newborn infant that occurs during the perinatal period, which is the time immediately before and after birth. This condition can lead to significant [[neurological]] damage and is a major cause of [[neonatal]] morbidity and mortality. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Perinatal asphyxia occurs when there is an interruption in the supply of oxygen to the infant's brain and other vital organs. This can result from various factors, including complications during [[labor]] and delivery, such as [[umbilical cord]] prolapse, placental abruption, or prolonged labor. The lack of oxygen can lead to [[metabolic acidosis]], where the blood becomes too acidic, and can cause damage to the [[central nervous system]]. | Perinatal asphyxia occurs when there is an interruption in the supply of oxygen to the infant's brain and other vital organs. This can result from various factors, including complications during [[labor]] and delivery, such as [[umbilical cord]] prolapse, placental abruption, or prolonged labor. The lack of oxygen can lead to [[metabolic acidosis]], where the blood becomes too acidic, and can cause damage to the [[central nervous system]]. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Newborns with perinatal asphyxia may present with a variety of symptoms, including poor [[muscle tone]], weak or absent [[cry]], difficulty breathing, and [[cyanosis]] (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen). In severe cases, the infant may experience [[seizures]], [[coma]], or [[multi-organ failure]]. | Newborns with perinatal asphyxia may present with a variety of symptoms, including poor [[muscle tone]], weak or absent [[cry]], difficulty breathing, and [[cyanosis]] (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen). In severe cases, the infant may experience [[seizures]], [[coma]], or [[multi-organ failure]]. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia is typically based on clinical findings and laboratory tests. Key indicators include low [[Apgar score]]s at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evidence of metabolic acidosis in the [[umbilical cord blood]], and signs of [[hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]] (HIE) on [[neurological examination]]. | The diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia is typically based on clinical findings and laboratory tests. Key indicators include low [[Apgar score]]s at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evidence of metabolic acidosis in the [[umbilical cord blood]], and signs of [[hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]] (HIE) on [[neurological examination]]. | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
The management of perinatal asphyxia involves immediate resuscitation and stabilization of the newborn. This may include providing [[oxygen therapy]], [[mechanical ventilation]], and [[fluid management]]. Therapeutic [[hypothermia]] is a treatment that has been shown to improve outcomes in infants with moderate to severe HIE by reducing brain injury. | The management of perinatal asphyxia involves immediate resuscitation and stabilization of the newborn. This may include providing [[oxygen therapy]], [[mechanical ventilation]], and [[fluid management]]. Therapeutic [[hypothermia]] is a treatment that has been shown to improve outcomes in infants with moderate to severe HIE by reducing brain injury. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for infants with perinatal asphyxia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of intervention. Mild cases may result in full recovery, while severe cases can lead to long-term [[neurological]] impairments such as [[cerebral palsy]], [[intellectual disability]], or [[epilepsy]]. | The prognosis for infants with perinatal asphyxia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of intervention. Mild cases may result in full recovery, while severe cases can lead to long-term [[neurological]] impairments such as [[cerebral palsy]], [[intellectual disability]], or [[epilepsy]]. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures for perinatal asphyxia focus on ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and delivery. This includes regular prenatal care, monitoring of fetal well-being during labor, and timely intervention in cases of fetal distress. | Preventive measures for perinatal asphyxia focus on ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and delivery. This includes regular prenatal care, monitoring of fetal well-being during labor, and timely intervention in cases of fetal distress. | ||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]] | * [[Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy]] | ||
| Line 27: | Line 37: | ||
* [[Cerebral palsy]] | * [[Cerebral palsy]] | ||
* [[Neonatal intensive care unit]] | * [[Neonatal intensive care unit]] | ||
[[Category:Neonatology]] | [[Category:Neonatology]] | ||
[[Category:Medical emergencies]] | [[Category:Medical emergencies]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:22, 4 April 2025
| Perinatal asphyxia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Birth asphyxia, neonatal asphyxia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Cyanosis, bradycardia, poor muscle tone, weak reflexes, seizures |
| Complications | Cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, epilepsy, chronic lung disease |
| Onset | At birth |
| Duration | Variable |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Oxygen deprivation during birth |
| Risks | Prolonged labor, premature birth, maternal diabetes, placental abruption |
| Diagnosis | Apgar score, blood gas analysis, neurological examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, sepsis, intracranial hemorrhage |
| Prevention | Proper prenatal care, timely cesarean section if needed |
| Treatment | Resuscitation, therapeutic hypothermia, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on severity and duration of asphyxia |
| Frequency | 2 to 10 per 1000 live births |
| Deaths | N/A |
A medical condition in newborns
Perinatal asphyxia is a medical condition characterized by a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) to a newborn infant that occurs during the perinatal period, which is the time immediately before and after birth. This condition can lead to significant neurological damage and is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Perinatal asphyxia occurs when there is an interruption in the supply of oxygen to the infant's brain and other vital organs. This can result from various factors, including complications during labor and delivery, such as umbilical cord prolapse, placental abruption, or prolonged labor. The lack of oxygen can lead to metabolic acidosis, where the blood becomes too acidic, and can cause damage to the central nervous system.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Newborns with perinatal asphyxia may present with a variety of symptoms, including poor muscle tone, weak or absent cry, difficulty breathing, and cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen). In severe cases, the infant may experience seizures, coma, or multi-organ failure.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia is typically based on clinical findings and laboratory tests. Key indicators include low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes after birth, evidence of metabolic acidosis in the umbilical cord blood, and signs of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) on neurological examination.
Management[edit]
The management of perinatal asphyxia involves immediate resuscitation and stabilization of the newborn. This may include providing oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and fluid management. Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment that has been shown to improve outcomes in infants with moderate to severe HIE by reducing brain injury.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for infants with perinatal asphyxia varies depending on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of intervention. Mild cases may result in full recovery, while severe cases can lead to long-term neurological impairments such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, or epilepsy.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for perinatal asphyxia focus on ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and delivery. This includes regular prenatal care, monitoring of fetal well-being during labor, and timely intervention in cases of fetal distress.
