Sickle cell retinopathy: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Sickle cell retinopathy | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Visual impairment]], [[floaters]], [[flashes of light]], [[blindness]] | |||
| complications = [[Retinal detachment]], [[vitreous hemorrhage]], [[neovascularization]] | |||
| onset = Variable, often in [[adolescence]] or [[early adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = Non-proliferative, proliferative | |||
| causes = [[Sickle cell disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Sickle cell anemia]], [[hemoglobin SC disease]], [[sickle beta-thalassemia]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ophthalmoscopy]], [[fluorescein angiography]], [[optical coherence tomography]] | |||
| differential = [[Diabetic retinopathy]], [[retinal vein occlusion]], [[hypertensive retinopathy]] | |||
| prevention = Regular [[eye examination]]s, management of [[sickle cell disease]] | |||
| treatment = [[Laser photocoagulation]], [[vitrectomy]], [[anti-VEGF therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in individuals with [[sickle cell disease]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Sickle cell retinopathy''' is a complication of [[sickle cell disease]], a group of disorders that affect [[hemoglobin]], the molecule in [[red blood cells]] that delivers [[oxygen]] to cells throughout the body. Sickle cell retinopathy primarily affects the [[retina]], the layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye that converts light images to nerve signals and sends them to the brain. | '''Sickle cell retinopathy''' is a complication of [[sickle cell disease]], a group of disorders that affect [[hemoglobin]], the molecule in [[red blood cells]] that delivers [[oxygen]] to cells throughout the body. Sickle cell retinopathy primarily affects the [[retina]], the layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye that converts light images to nerve signals and sends them to the brain. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Sickle cell retinopathy is caused by the abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells that block blood vessels in the retina. This blockage can lead to a lack of oxygen, or [[ischemia]], in the retina, which can cause damage and lead to vision loss. The retina can also become damaged due to [[neovascularization]], the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels in response to the ischemia. | Sickle cell retinopathy is caused by the abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells that block blood vessels in the retina. This blockage can lead to a lack of oxygen, or [[ischemia]], in the retina, which can cause damage and lead to vision loss. The retina can also become damaged due to [[neovascularization]], the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels in response to the ischemia. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
Symptoms of sickle cell retinopathy can vary widely, from no symptoms at all to severe vision loss. Common symptoms can include [[floaters]], [[blurred vision]], and [[visual field loss]]. In severe cases, it can lead to [[retinal detachment]], a medical emergency that can result in permanent vision loss. | Symptoms of sickle cell retinopathy can vary widely, from no symptoms at all to severe vision loss. Common symptoms can include [[floaters]], [[blurred vision]], and [[visual field loss]]. In severe cases, it can lead to [[retinal detachment]], a medical emergency that can result in permanent vision loss. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of sickle cell retinopathy typically involves a comprehensive [[eye examination]], including a [[dilated eye exam]] to examine the retina and other structures in the back of the eye. Additional tests may include [[fluorescein angiography]], which uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and [[optical coherence tomography]], a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take cross-section pictures of the retina. | Diagnosis of sickle cell retinopathy typically involves a comprehensive [[eye examination]], including a [[dilated eye exam]] to examine the retina and other structures in the back of the eye. Additional tests may include [[fluorescein angiography]], which uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and [[optical coherence tomography]], a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take cross-section pictures of the retina. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for sickle cell retinopathy focuses on managing the underlying sickle cell disease and preventing further damage to the retina. This can include regular eye exams to monitor the condition, [[laser therapy]] to treat neovascularization, and [[vitrectomy]], a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye, in cases of retinal detachment. | Treatment for sickle cell retinopathy focuses on managing the underlying sickle cell disease and preventing further damage to the retina. This can include regular eye exams to monitor the condition, [[laser therapy]] to treat neovascularization, and [[vitrectomy]], a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye, in cases of retinal detachment. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Sickle cell disease]] | * [[Sickle cell disease]] | ||
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* [[Ischemia]] | * [[Ischemia]] | ||
* [[Neovascularization]] | * [[Neovascularization]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Complications of sickle cell disease]] | [[Category:Complications of sickle cell disease]] | ||
Latest revision as of 01:00, 4 April 2025
| Sickle cell retinopathy | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Visual impairment, floaters, flashes of light, blindness |
| Complications | Retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascularization |
| Onset | Variable, often in adolescence or early adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Non-proliferative, proliferative |
| Causes | Sickle cell disease |
| Risks | Sickle cell anemia, hemoglobin SC disease, sickle beta-thalassemia |
| Diagnosis | Ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography |
| Differential diagnosis | Diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusion, hypertensive retinopathy |
| Prevention | Regular eye examinations, management of sickle cell disease |
| Treatment | Laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, anti-VEGF therapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in individuals with sickle cell disease |
| Deaths | N/A |
Sickle cell retinopathy is a complication of sickle cell disease, a group of disorders that affect hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. Sickle cell retinopathy primarily affects the retina, the layer of tissue at the back of the inner eye that converts light images to nerve signals and sends them to the brain.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Sickle cell retinopathy is caused by the abnormal, sickle-shaped red blood cells that block blood vessels in the retina. This blockage can lead to a lack of oxygen, or ischemia, in the retina, which can cause damage and lead to vision loss. The retina can also become damaged due to neovascularization, the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels in response to the ischemia.
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of sickle cell retinopathy can vary widely, from no symptoms at all to severe vision loss. Common symptoms can include floaters, blurred vision, and visual field loss. In severe cases, it can lead to retinal detachment, a medical emergency that can result in permanent vision loss.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of sickle cell retinopathy typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including a dilated eye exam to examine the retina and other structures in the back of the eye. Additional tests may include fluorescein angiography, which uses a special dye and camera to look at blood flow in the retina and optical coherence tomography, a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take cross-section pictures of the retina.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for sickle cell retinopathy focuses on managing the underlying sickle cell disease and preventing further damage to the retina. This can include regular eye exams to monitor the condition, laser therapy to treat neovascularization, and vitrectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye, in cases of retinal detachment.
See also[edit]
