Adnexal mass: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:24, 16 February 2025

Adnexal Mass

An adnexal mass is a growth that occurs in the adnexa of the uterus, which includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the surrounding connective tissues. These masses can be benign or malignant and may arise from gynecological or non-gynecological origins.

Types of Adnexal Masses

Adnexal masses can be classified into several types based on their origin and nature:

Ovarian cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. They are often benign and can resolve on their own.
Ovarian tumors: These can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors include ovarian cancer, which is a serious condition requiring prompt treatment.
Ectopic pregnancy: This occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, and can present as an adnexal mass.
Endometriomas: These are cysts caused by endometriosis, where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.
Tubo-ovarian abscess: This is an infection that involves the fallopian tube and ovary, often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of an adnexal mass can vary depending on its size, location, and nature. Common symptoms include:

Pelvic pain or discomfort
Abdominal bloating or swelling
Changes in menstrual cycle
Urinary symptoms such as frequency or urgency
Gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea or constipation

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of an adnexal mass typically involves a combination of:

Pelvic examination: A physical examination to assess the size and tenderness of the mass.
Ultrasound imaging: A non-invasive imaging technique to evaluate the characteristics of the mass.
Blood tests: Including tumor markers like CA-125 to help differentiate between benign and malignant masses.
CT scan or MRI: Advanced imaging techniques for detailed evaluation.

Treatment

The treatment of an adnexal mass depends on its cause, size, and whether it is benign or malignant. Options include:

Observation: Small, benign cysts may be monitored over time.
Medication: Hormonal treatments may be used for conditions like endometriosis.
Surgery: Indicated for large, persistent, or suspicious masses. Surgical options include laparoscopy or laparotomy.

Related Pages

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|A mass in the tissue of the adnexa of uterus}}
+== Adnexal Mass ==
-{{Medical resources}}
-'''Adnexal mass''' refers to a growth that occurs in the [[adnexa of uterus]], which includes the [[ovaries]], [[fallopian tubes]], and the surrounding connective tissues. These masses can be benign or malignant and may arise from gynecological or non-gynecological origins.
+An '''adnexal mass''' is a growth that occurs in the [[adnexa]] of the [[uterus]], which includes the [[ovaries]], [[fallopian tubes]], and the surrounding connective tissues. These masses can be benign or malignant and may arise from gynecological or non-gynecological origins.
-==Classification==
+[[File:Ovarian_Squamous_Carcinoma_Tumor.jpg|thumb|right|Ovarian squamous carcinoma tumor, a type of adnexal mass.]]
-Adnexal masses can be classified based on their origin and nature:
-* '''Gynecological masses''': These include [[ovarian cysts]], [[endometriomas]], [[leiomyomas]], and [[ectopic pregnancy]].
+=== Types of Adnexal Masses ===
-* '''Non-gynecological masses''': These may include [[appendiceal abscesses]], [[diverticular abscesses]], and [[pelvic kidney]].
-==Causes==
+Adnexal masses can be classified into several types based on their origin and nature:
-The causes of adnexal masses vary widely and can include:
-* [[Functional cysts]]: These are the most common type of ovarian cysts and are usually benign.
+* '''[[Ovarian cysts]]''': These are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. They are often benign and can resolve on their own.
-* [[Neoplastic growths]]: These can be benign or malignant, such as [[ovarian cancer]].
+* '''[[Ovarian tumors]]''': These can be benign or malignant. Malignant tumors include [[ovarian cancer]], which is a serious condition requiring prompt treatment.
-* [[Infectious processes]]: Such as [[pelvic inflammatory disease]] leading to tubo-ovarian abscesses.
+* '''[[Ectopic pregnancy]]''': This occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube, and can present as an adnexal mass.
-* [[Endometriosis]]: This can lead to the formation of endometriomas.
+* '''[[Endometriomas]]''': These are cysts caused by [[endometriosis]], where tissue similar to the lining inside the uterus grows outside it.
+* '''[[Tubo-ovarian abscess]]''': This is an infection that involves the fallopian tube and ovary, often resulting from [[pelvic inflammatory disease]].
-==Symptoms==
+=== Symptoms ===
-Symptoms of adnexal masses can vary depending on the size and nature of the mass. Common symptoms include:
-* [[Pelvic pain]]
+The symptoms of an adnexal mass can vary depending on its size, location, and nature. Common symptoms include:
-* [[Abdominal bloating]]
-* [[Menstrual irregularities]]
-* [[Urinary symptoms]]
-* [[Gastrointestinal symptoms]]
-==Diagnosis==
+* [[Pelvic pain]] or discomfort
-The diagnosis of an adnexal mass typically involves:
+* [[Abdominal bloating]] or swelling
+* Changes in [[menstrual cycle]]
+* [[Urinary symptoms]] such as frequency or urgency
+* [[Gastrointestinal symptoms]] like nausea or constipation
-* [[Pelvic examination]]
+=== Diagnosis ===
-* [[Ultrasound imaging]]: This is the most common initial imaging modality used.
-* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) or [[computed tomography]] (CT) scans for further evaluation.
-* [[Serum markers]]: Such as [[CA-125]] for ovarian cancer.
-==Treatment==
+The diagnosis of an adnexal mass typically involves a combination of:
-Treatment options depend on the nature of the mass:
-* '''Observation''': For simple cysts that are likely to resolve on their own.
+* [[Pelvic examination]]: A physical examination to assess the size and tenderness of the mass.
-* '''Medical management''': Hormonal therapy may be used for functional cysts.
+* [[Ultrasound imaging]]: A non-invasive imaging technique to evaluate the characteristics of the mass.
-* '''Surgical intervention''': Indicated for persistent, symptomatic, or suspicious masses. This can include [[laparoscopy]] or [[laparotomy]].
+* [[Blood tests]]: Including tumor markers like [[CA-125]] to help differentiate between benign and malignant masses.
+* [[CT scan]] or [[MRI]]: Advanced imaging techniques for detailed evaluation.
-==Prognosis==
+=== Treatment ===
-The prognosis of an adnexal mass depends on its etiology. Benign masses generally have an excellent prognosis, while malignant masses require more aggressive treatment and have a variable prognosis based on the stage and type of cancer.
+The treatment of an adnexal mass depends on its cause, size, and whether it is benign or malignant. Options include:
+* '''Observation''': Small, benign cysts may be monitored over time.
+* '''Medication''': Hormonal treatments may be used for conditions like endometriosis.
+* '''Surgery''': Indicated for large, persistent, or suspicious masses. Surgical options include [[laparoscopy]] or [[laparotomy]].
+== Related Pages ==
-==Related pages==
 * [[Ovarian cancer]]
+* [[Endometriosis]]
 * [[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]
-* [[Endometriosis]]
 * [[Ectopic pregnancy]]
-==Gallery==
+{{Gynecology}}
-<gallery>
-File:Ovarian_Squamous_Carcinoma_Tumor.jpg|Ovarian squamous carcinoma tumor
-</gallery>
 [[Category:Gynecology]]
-[[Category:Medical conditions related to female reproductive system]]
+[[Category:Medical conditions]]