T-cell leukemia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = T-cell leukemia | |||
| synonyms = T-cell lymphocytic leukemia | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[fever]], [[weight loss]], [[night sweats]], [[lymphadenopathy]], [[hepatosplenomegaly]] | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[anemia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], [[hypercalcemia]] | |||
| onset = Variable, often in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = [[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]], [[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]], [[Large granular lymphocytic leukemia]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[viral infections]] (e.g., [[Human T-lymphotropic virus 1|HTLV-1]]) | |||
| risks = [[HTLV-1 infection]], [[family history]], [[immunosuppression]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]], [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[immunophenotyping]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[B-cell leukemia]], [[lymphoma]], [[reactive lymphocytosis]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of [[HTLV-1]] exposure | |||
| treatment = [[Chemotherapy]], [[antiviral therapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on type and stage | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''T-cell leukemia''' is a type of [[cancer]] that affects the [[T cells]] of the [[immune system]]. It is a subtype of [[leukemia]], a broader category of blood cancers. T-cell leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of T cells, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. | '''T-cell leukemia''' is a type of [[cancer]] that affects the [[T cells]] of the [[immune system]]. It is a subtype of [[leukemia]], a broader category of blood cancers. T-cell leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of T cells, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications. | ||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
There are several types of T-cell leukemia, each with its own unique characteristics and prognosis. These include: | There are several types of T-cell leukemia, each with its own unique characteristics and prognosis. These include: | ||
* '''[[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] (ATLL)''': This is a rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that is associated with infection by the [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1]] (HTLV-1). | * '''[[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma]] (ATLL)''': This is a rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that is associated with infection by the [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1]] (HTLV-1). | ||
* '''[[T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (T-ALL)''': This is a type of acute leukemia that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the rapid growth of immature T cells. | * '''[[T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] (T-ALL)''': This is a type of acute leukemia that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the rapid growth of immature T cells. | ||
* '''[[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] (T-PLL)''': This is a very rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that primarily affects older adults. | * '''[[T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia]] (T-PLL)''': This is a very rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that primarily affects older adults. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of T-cell leukemia can vary depending on the specific type of leukemia and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms may include: | The symptoms of T-cell leukemia can vary depending on the specific type of leukemia and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms may include: | ||
* [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]] | * [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]] | ||
* [[Fever]] | * [[Fever]] | ||
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* [[Skin rash]] | * [[Skin rash]] | ||
* [[Abdominal pain]] | * [[Abdominal pain]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of T-cell leukemia typically involves a combination of [[physical examination]], [[medical history]], [[blood tests]], and [[biopsy]] of the bone marrow or lymph nodes. Additional tests may be performed to determine the specific type of T-cell leukemia and to assess the extent of the disease. | Diagnosis of T-cell leukemia typically involves a combination of [[physical examination]], [[medical history]], [[blood tests]], and [[biopsy]] of the bone marrow or lymph nodes. Additional tests may be performed to determine the specific type of T-cell leukemia and to assess the extent of the disease. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for T-cell leukemia depends on the specific type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[stem cell transplantation]], and targeted therapies. | Treatment for T-cell leukemia depends on the specific type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]], [[stem cell transplantation]], and targeted therapies. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Leukemia]] | * [[Leukemia]] | ||
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* [[Chemotherapy]] | * [[Chemotherapy]] | ||
* [[Radiation therapy]] | * [[Radiation therapy]] | ||
[[Category:Leukemia]] | [[Category:Leukemia]] | ||
[[Category:T cells]] | [[Category:T cells]] | ||
[[Category:Cancer]] | [[Category:Cancer]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:59, 3 April 2025
| T-cell leukemia | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | T-cell lymphocytic leukemia |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, fever, weight loss, night sweats, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly |
| Complications | Infection, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercalcemia |
| Onset | Variable, often in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, Large granular lymphocytic leukemia |
| Causes | Genetic mutations, viral infections (e.g., HTLV-1) |
| Risks | HTLV-1 infection, family history, immunosuppression |
| Diagnosis | Blood test, bone marrow biopsy, immunophenotyping, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | B-cell leukemia, lymphoma, reactive lymphocytosis |
| Prevention | Avoidance of HTLV-1 exposure |
| Treatment | Chemotherapy, antiviral therapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on type and stage |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
T-cell leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the T cells of the immune system. It is a subtype of leukemia, a broader category of blood cancers. T-cell leukemia is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of T cells, which can lead to a variety of symptoms and complications.
Types[edit]
There are several types of T-cell leukemia, each with its own unique characteristics and prognosis. These include:
- Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL): This is a rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that is associated with infection by the Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1).
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): This is a type of acute leukemia that primarily affects children and young adults. It is characterized by the rapid growth of immature T cells.
- T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL): This is a very rare and aggressive type of T-cell leukemia that primarily affects older adults.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of T-cell leukemia can vary depending on the specific type of leukemia and the stage of the disease. Common symptoms may include:
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of T-cell leukemia typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, blood tests, and biopsy of the bone marrow or lymph nodes. Additional tests may be performed to determine the specific type of T-cell leukemia and to assess the extent of the disease.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for T-cell leukemia depends on the specific type of leukemia, the stage of the disease, and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and targeted therapies.
