Absorption (chemistry): Difference between revisions
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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Overview of absorption in chemistry}} | ||
{{Chemistry}} | {{Chemistry}} | ||
'''Absorption''' in [[chemistry]] | ==Overview== | ||
[[File:Absorber.svg|thumb|right|Diagram of a typical absorber used in chemical processes.]] | |||
'''Absorption''' in [[chemistry]] refers to the process by which one substance takes in or assimilates another substance. This process is distinct from [[adsorption]], where the molecules adhere only to the surface of the material. In absorption, the molecules are taken up into the volume of the absorbing material. | |||
==Mechanism== | ==Mechanism== | ||
Absorption involves the transfer of a substance from one phase to another. This can occur in various forms, such as gas | Absorption involves the transfer of a substance from one phase to another. This can occur in various forms, such as gas absorbed by a liquid or a liquid absorbed by a solid. The process is driven by the [[concentration gradient]] and can be described by [[Fick's laws of diffusion]]. | ||
===Gas Absorption=== | ===Gas-Liquid Absorption=== | ||
In gas absorption, a gas is dissolved | In gas-liquid absorption, a gas is dissolved in a liquid. This is a common process in [[chemical engineering]] and is used in applications such as [[scrubbing]] gases to remove impurities. The efficiency of absorption depends on factors such as the [[solubility]] of the gas in the liquid, the [[temperature]], and the [[pressure]]. | ||
===Liquid Absorption=== | ===Liquid-Solid Absorption=== | ||
Liquid absorption involves a liquid being | Liquid-solid absorption involves a liquid being absorbed by a solid material. This is often seen in [[desiccants]], which absorb moisture from the air. The capacity of a solid to absorb a liquid is determined by its [[porosity]] and [[surface area]]. | ||
==Applications== | ==Applications== | ||
Absorption is | Absorption is a critical process in many industrial applications. It is used in the production of [[ammonia]] in the [[Haber process]], in [[air conditioning]] systems, and in the treatment of [[wastewater]]. | ||
==Factors Affecting Absorption== | ==Factors Affecting Absorption== | ||
Several factors influence the rate and extent of absorption: | Several factors influence the rate and extent of absorption: | ||
* [[Temperature]]: Higher temperatures can increase the rate of absorption by increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules. | |||
* [[Temperature]]: Higher temperatures | * [[Pressure]]: In gas absorption, higher pressures can increase the solubility of the gas in the liquid. | ||
* [[Pressure]]: | * [[Concentration]]: A higher concentration gradient can drive a faster absorption process. | ||
* [[Surface area]]: A larger surface area can enhance the absorption rate by providing more area for the molecules to interact. | |||
* [[Concentration | |||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
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* [[Solubility]] | * [[Solubility]] | ||
* [[Chemical engineering]] | * [[Chemical engineering]] | ||
[[Category:Chemical processes]] | [[Category:Chemical processes]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:58, 15 February 2025
Overview of absorption in chemistry
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Overview[edit]
Absorption in chemistry refers to the process by which one substance takes in or assimilates another substance. This process is distinct from adsorption, where the molecules adhere only to the surface of the material. In absorption, the molecules are taken up into the volume of the absorbing material.
Mechanism[edit]
Absorption involves the transfer of a substance from one phase to another. This can occur in various forms, such as gas absorbed by a liquid or a liquid absorbed by a solid. The process is driven by the concentration gradient and can be described by Fick's laws of diffusion.
Gas-Liquid Absorption[edit]
In gas-liquid absorption, a gas is dissolved in a liquid. This is a common process in chemical engineering and is used in applications such as scrubbing gases to remove impurities. The efficiency of absorption depends on factors such as the solubility of the gas in the liquid, the temperature, and the pressure.
Liquid-Solid Absorption[edit]
Liquid-solid absorption involves a liquid being absorbed by a solid material. This is often seen in desiccants, which absorb moisture from the air. The capacity of a solid to absorb a liquid is determined by its porosity and surface area.
Applications[edit]
Absorption is a critical process in many industrial applications. It is used in the production of ammonia in the Haber process, in air conditioning systems, and in the treatment of wastewater.
Factors Affecting Absorption[edit]
Several factors influence the rate and extent of absorption:
- Temperature: Higher temperatures can increase the rate of absorption by increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules.
- Pressure: In gas absorption, higher pressures can increase the solubility of the gas in the liquid.
- Concentration: A higher concentration gradient can drive a faster absorption process.
- Surface area: A larger surface area can enhance the absorption rate by providing more area for the molecules to interact.
