Ghaznavids: Difference between revisions
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[[File: | [[File:Mahmud ibn Sebuktegin attacks the fortress of Zarang.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Portrait from the Palace courtroom, Lashkari Bazar.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Fighting between Mahmud of Ghazni and Abu 'Ali Simjuri.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Ghaznavid ruins of Lashkari Bazar (northern view, composite).jpg|thumb]] {{Infobox dynasty | ||
| name = Ghaznavid Empire | |||
| native_name = غزنویان | | native_name = غزنویان | ||
| conventional_long_name = Ghaznavid Empire | | conventional_long_name = Ghaznavid Empire | ||
| common_name = Ghaznavids | | common_name = Ghaznavids | ||
| status = Empire | | status = Empire | ||
| government_type = Monarchy | | government_type = Monarchy | ||
| year_start = 977 | | year_start = 977 | ||
| year_end = 1186 | | year_end = 1186 | ||
| capital = [[Ghazni]] | | capital = [[Ghazni]] | ||
| common_languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[ | | common_languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]] | ||
| religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | | religion = [[Sunni Islam]] | ||
| currency = Dinar | | currency = Dinar | ||
| Line 24: | Line 16: | ||
| leader2 = [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] | | leader2 = [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] | ||
| year_leader2 = 998–1030 | | year_leader2 = 998–1030 | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Ghaznavid Empire''' was a [[ | The '''Ghaznavid Empire''' was a prominent [[Islamic]] dynasty that ruled large parts of [[Iran]], [[Afghanistan]], and the [[Indian subcontinent]] from 977 to 1186. The dynasty was founded by [[Sabuktigin]], a former Turkic slave who rose to power in the region of [[Ghazni]], located in present-day Afghanistan. The Ghaznavids are notable for their role in the spread of Islam into the Indian subcontinent and their patronage of Persian culture and literature. | ||
== | == Origins and Rise == | ||
The Ghaznavid dynasty originated from the Turkic slave soldiers of the [[Samanid Empire]]. Sabuktigin, the founder of the dynasty, was initially a slave who rose through the ranks to become the governor of Ghazni. Upon the decline of the Samanid Empire, Sabuktigin declared independence and established the Ghaznavid state in 977. | |||
The Ghaznavid | |||
Sabuktigin's son, [[Mahmud of Ghazni]], expanded the empire significantly. Mahmud is renowned for his military campaigns into the Indian subcontinent, which extended the empire's influence and facilitated the spread of Islam. His conquests included the regions of [[Punjab]], [[Sindh]], and parts of [[Gujarat]]. | |||
[[Mahmud of Ghazni]] | |||
== | == Administration and Culture == | ||
The Ghaznavid Empire was characterized by a centralized administration with a strong military focus. The Ghaznavids maintained a large standing army, which was crucial for their expansionist policies. The empire's administration was heavily influenced by Persian culture, and Persian was the official language of the court. | |||
The Ghaznavids were great patrons of the arts and literature. The court of Mahmud of Ghazni attracted scholars, poets, and artists from across the Islamic world. Notable figures such as the Persian poet [[Ferdowsi]], author of the ''[[Shahnameh]]'', and the scholar [[Al-Biruni]] were associated with the Ghaznavid court. | |||
The | |||
== | == Decline and Fall == | ||
The Ghaznavid | The decline of the Ghaznavid Empire began in the mid-11th century due to internal strife and external pressures. The rise of the [[Seljuk Empire]] in the west and the [[Ghurid dynasty]] in the east posed significant challenges. The Ghaznavids lost control of their western territories to the Seljuks and faced repeated invasions from the Ghurids. | ||
The final blow came in 1186 when the Ghurids captured [[Lahore]], the last stronghold of the Ghaznavids in the Indian subcontinent, marking the end of the Ghaznavid dynasty. | |||
== Legacy == | == Legacy == | ||
The Ghaznavid Empire played a crucial role in the | The Ghaznavid Empire played a crucial role in the cultural and religious transformation of the Indian subcontinent. Their patronage of Persian culture left a lasting impact on the region's art, architecture, and literature. The Ghaznavids also facilitated the spread of Islam in South Asia, laying the groundwork for subsequent Islamic empires in the region. | ||
== | == Also see == | ||
* [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] | * [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Samanid Empire]] | ||
* [[Seljuk Empire]] | * [[Seljuk Empire]] | ||
* [[ | * [[Ghurid dynasty]] | ||
* [[Islamic Golden Age]] | * [[Islamic Golden Age]] | ||
{{Islamic dynasties}} | |||
[[Category: | {{History of Afghanistan}} | ||
{{History of Iran}} | |||
[[Category:Islamic dynasties]] | |||
[[Category:History of Afghanistan]] | [[Category:History of Afghanistan]] | ||
[[Category:History of | [[Category:History of Iran]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Medieval India]] | ||
Revision as of 15:24, 9 December 2024
The Ghaznavid Empire was a prominent Islamic dynasty that ruled large parts of Iran, Afghanistan, and the Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186. The dynasty was founded by Sabuktigin, a former Turkic slave who rose to power in the region of Ghazni, located in present-day Afghanistan. The Ghaznavids are notable for their role in the spread of Islam into the Indian subcontinent and their patronage of Persian culture and literature.
Origins and Rise
The Ghaznavid dynasty originated from the Turkic slave soldiers of the Samanid Empire. Sabuktigin, the founder of the dynasty, was initially a slave who rose through the ranks to become the governor of Ghazni. Upon the decline of the Samanid Empire, Sabuktigin declared independence and established the Ghaznavid state in 977.
Sabuktigin's son, Mahmud of Ghazni, expanded the empire significantly. Mahmud is renowned for his military campaigns into the Indian subcontinent, which extended the empire's influence and facilitated the spread of Islam. His conquests included the regions of Punjab, Sindh, and parts of Gujarat.
Administration and Culture
The Ghaznavid Empire was characterized by a centralized administration with a strong military focus. The Ghaznavids maintained a large standing army, which was crucial for their expansionist policies. The empire's administration was heavily influenced by Persian culture, and Persian was the official language of the court.
The Ghaznavids were great patrons of the arts and literature. The court of Mahmud of Ghazni attracted scholars, poets, and artists from across the Islamic world. Notable figures such as the Persian poet Ferdowsi, author of the Shahnameh, and the scholar Al-Biruni were associated with the Ghaznavid court.
Decline and Fall
The decline of the Ghaznavid Empire began in the mid-11th century due to internal strife and external pressures. The rise of the Seljuk Empire in the west and the Ghurid dynasty in the east posed significant challenges. The Ghaznavids lost control of their western territories to the Seljuks and faced repeated invasions from the Ghurids.
The final blow came in 1186 when the Ghurids captured Lahore, the last stronghold of the Ghaznavids in the Indian subcontinent, marking the end of the Ghaznavid dynasty.
Legacy
The Ghaznavid Empire played a crucial role in the cultural and religious transformation of the Indian subcontinent. Their patronage of Persian culture left a lasting impact on the region's art, architecture, and literature. The Ghaznavids also facilitated the spread of Islam in South Asia, laying the groundwork for subsequent Islamic empires in the region.
Also see
| History of Afghanistan |
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| File:Shuja Shah Durrani of Afghanistan in 1839.jpg The palace of the emir in 1839 |
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| History of Iran |
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| File:Persepolis 24.11.2009 11-12-14.jpg The Gate of All Nations in Fars |
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