Gujarat

Gujarat

Ancient Gujarat depicted in historical maps.

Gujarat is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi) – most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population of 60.4 million. It is the fifth-largest Indian state by area and the ninth-largest state by population. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad.

History

The history of Gujarat dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. The region was home to the ancient city of Lothal, one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat has been a significant center of trade and commerce throughout history.

Ancient and Medieval Period

Campaigns in Sindh, 711-715 CE, impacting Gujarat.

Gujarat was ruled by various dynasties, including the Maurya Empire, the Gupta Empire, and the Rashtrakuta dynasty. The region saw the rise of the Solanki dynasty in the 10th century, which marked a period of prosperity and cultural development.

Sultanate and Mughal Period

In the 15th century, Gujarat became a prominent sultanate under the rule of the Gujarat Sultanate. The region was later conquered by the Mughal Empire in the 16th century.

Akbar's triumphal entry into Surat, a significant event in Gujarat's history.

The Mughal period saw the flourishing of arts and architecture in Gujarat, with the construction of many mosques and palaces.

Colonial Period

Portuguese possessions in Gujarat.

Gujarat was an important region for European traders, including the Portuguese, who established several trading posts along the coast. The British East India Company later took control of the region, integrating it into the Bombay Presidency.

Culture

Gujarat is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its traditional Garba dance, vibrant festivals like Navratri, and its unique cuisine, which includes dishes such as Dhokla and Thepla.

Religion

Gujarat is a diverse state with a mix of religions. It is the birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi, a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement, who was a devout Hindu. The state also has a significant Jain population and is home to several important Jain temples.

Pundole Agiary in Udvada, a significant site for the Parsi community.

Architecture

Gujarat is renowned for its architectural heritage, including the Jama Masjid, Ahmedabad, a fine example of Indo-Islamic architecture.

Jama Masjid in Ahmedabad, a masterpiece of Indo-Islamic architecture.

Economy

Gujarat has a robust economy, driven by industries such as textiles, petrochemicals, and agriculture. The state is a major producer of cotton and has a thriving diamond cutting and polishing industry.

Modern Gujarat

Today, Gujarat is one of India's most industrialized states, with a strong infrastructure and a high rate of urbanization. The state government has implemented various policies to promote economic growth and development.

Related pages

• Ahmedabad
• Gandhinagar
• Mahatma Gandhi
• Indus Valley Civilization