Furfural: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Organic compound derived from agricultural byproducts}}
 
{{Infobox chemical
{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
| name = Furfural
{{Chembox
| image = Furfural-2D-skeletal.png
| Name = Furfural
| image2 = Furfural-3D-balls.png
| ImageFile = Furfural-2D-skeletal.png
| image2_caption = Ball-and-stick model of furfural
| ImageSize = 150px
| pin = Furan-2-carbaldehyde
| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula of furfural
| othernames = 2-Furaldehyde, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde
| IUPACName = Furan-2-carbaldehyde
| section1 =  
| OtherNames = 2-Furaldehyde, 2-Furancarboxaldehyde
| casno = 98-01-1
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| pubchem = 7362
  | CASNo = 98-01-1
| chemspiderid = 7081
  | PubChem = 7362
| einecs = 202-627-7
  | ChemSpiderID = 7080
| unii = 0L9UL173FD
  | UNII = 0E43V0BB57
| kegg = C01352
  | KEGG = C01438
| chebi = 17138
  | ChEBI = 28591
| smiles = O=Cc1ccco1
  | ChEMBL = 12345
| inchi = 1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
  | SMILES = O=Cc1ccco1
| inchi_key = HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  | InChI = 1S/C5H4O2/c6-4-5-2-1-3-7-5/h1-4H
| section2 =  
  | InChIKey = HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| formula = C_5H_4O_2
}}
| molar_mass = 96.09 g/mol
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| appearance = Colorless or yellow liquid
  | C=5
| density = 1.16 g/cm³
  | H=4
| meltingptc = -36
  | O=2
| boilingptc = 161.7
  | Appearance = Colorless to yellow liquid
| solubility = Slightly soluble in water
  | Density = 1.16 g/cm³
| solubility1 = Miscible
  | MeltingPt = −36 °C
| solubility1_note = in ethanol, ether, acetone
  | BoilingPt = 161.7 °C
| vaporpressure = 2.1 mmHg (20°C)
  | Solubility = Soluble in water, alcohol, ether
| refractive = 1.526
}}
| flashptc = 60
| autoignitionptc = 393
| ld50 = 65 mg/kg (oral, rat)
}}
}}


'''Furfural''' is an [[organic compound]] derived from a variety of [[agricultural byproducts]], including [[corncobs]], [[oat]], [[wheat bran]], and [[sawdust]]. It is a colorless or yellow liquid with an [[almond]]-like odor. Furfural is an [[aldehyde]] of [[furan]] and is also known as 2-furaldehyde or 2-furancarboxaldehyde.
'''Furfural''' is an [[organic compound]] belonging to the [[aldehyde]] family, with the [[chemical formula]] C₅H₄O₂. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow. Furfural is derived from a variety of [[agricultural byproducts]], including [[corncobs]], [[oat]], [[wheat bran]], and [[sawdust]].


== Production ==
== Production ==
Furfural is produced from [[hemicellulose]], a major component of [[plant biomass]]. The production process involves the [[acid hydrolysis]] of hemicellulose to yield [[xylose]], which is then dehydrated to form furfural. This process is typically carried out in the presence of a [[catalyst]] such as [[sulfuric acid]].
Furfural is produced from the [[hemicellulose]] component of [[lignocellulosic biomass]]. The process involves the [[acid-catalyzed dehydration]] of [[xylose]], a [[pentose sugar]] derived from the hemicellulose. This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a [[mineral acid]] such as [[sulfuric acid]].


== Applications ==
== Applications ==
Furfural is used in various industrial applications. It is a key ingredient in the production of [[furfuryl alcohol]], which is used in the manufacture of [[resins]] and [[plastics]]. Furfural is also used as a solvent in the refining of [[lubricating oils]] and [[butadiene]] extraction. Additionally, it serves as a precursor to other [[furan]] derivatives and is used in the synthesis of [[pharmaceuticals]] and [[agrochemicals]].
Furfural is used as a [[solvent]] in the refining of [[lubricating oils]] and [[resins]]. It is also a precursor to other [[furan]] derivatives, such as [[furfuryl alcohol]], which is used in the production of [[thermosetting resins]]. Additionally, furfural is used in the manufacture of [[pesticides]], [[fungicides]], and [[herbicides]].


== Chemical Properties ==
== Safety ==
Furfural has the chemical formula C_5H_4O_2 and a molar mass of 96.09 g/mol. It has a density of 1.16 g/cm³ and a boiling point of 161.7°C. Furfural is slightly soluble in water but miscible with [[ethanol]], [[ether]], and [[acetone]]. It has a flash point of 60°C and an autoignition temperature of 393°C.
Furfural is considered to be a [[hazardous substance]]. It can cause [[skin irritation]] and [[eye irritation]] upon contact. Inhalation of furfural vapors can lead to [[respiratory tract irritation]]. It is important to handle furfural with appropriate [[safety precautions]], including the use of [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE).


== Safety ==
== Environmental Impact ==
Furfural is considered to be moderately toxic. It can cause skin and eye irritation and may be harmful if ingested or inhaled. The [[LD50]] (lethal dose for 50% of the population) for furfural is 65 mg/kg in rats. Proper safety measures, including the use of [[personal protective equipment]] (PPE), should be taken when handling furfural.
Furfural is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment. However, its production and use must be managed to prevent [[environmental pollution]].


== Related Pages ==
== See also ==
* [[Furan]]
* [[Furan]]
* [[Furfuryl alcohol]]
* [[Furfuryl alcohol]]
* [[Hemicellulose]]
* [[Lignocellulosic biomass]]
* [[Aldehyde]]
 
* [[Solvent]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
 
== External links ==
* [https://www.wikimd.com/wiki/Furfural Furfural on WikiMD]


[[Category:Organic compounds]]
[[Category:Organic compounds]]
[[Category:Aldehydes]]
[[Category:Aldehydes]]
[[Category:Furans]]
[[Category:Solvents]]
[[Category:Industrial chemicals]]
[[Category:Industrial chemicals]]
[[Category:Solvents]]
{{Organic-compound-stub}}

Latest revision as of 20:35, 30 December 2024


Chemical compound


Chemical Compound
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider ID
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Properties
Chemical Formula
Molar Mass
Appearance
Density
Melting Point
Boiling Point
Hazards
GHS Pictograms [[File:|50px]]
GHS Signal Word
GHS Hazard Statements
NFPA 704 [[File:|50px]]
References

Furfural is an organic compound belonging to the aldehyde family, with the chemical formula C₅H₄O₂. It is a colorless liquid, although commercial samples can appear yellow. Furfural is derived from a variety of agricultural byproducts, including corncobs, oat, wheat bran, and sawdust.

Production[edit]

Furfural is produced from the hemicellulose component of lignocellulosic biomass. The process involves the acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose, a pentose sugar derived from the hemicellulose. This reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a mineral acid such as sulfuric acid.

Applications[edit]

Furfural is used as a solvent in the refining of lubricating oils and resins. It is also a precursor to other furan derivatives, such as furfuryl alcohol, which is used in the production of thermosetting resins. Additionally, furfural is used in the manufacture of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides.

Safety[edit]

Furfural is considered to be a hazardous substance. It can cause skin irritation and eye irritation upon contact. Inhalation of furfural vapors can lead to respiratory tract irritation. It is important to handle furfural with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

Environmental Impact[edit]

Furfural is biodegradable and does not persist in the environment. However, its production and use must be managed to prevent environmental pollution.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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