Incus: Difference between revisions
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[[ | [[File:Gray915.png|thumb]] [[File:Illu auditory ossicles-en.svg|thumb]] [[File:Occipital bone dissection.jpg|thumb]] [[File:Slide1ghe.JPG|thumb]] {{Infobox bone | ||
{{Infobox bone | | Name = Incus | ||
| Name | | Latin = Incus | ||
| Latin | | System = Auditory system | ||
| | | Part of = [[Middle ear]] | ||
| | |||
| Articulations = [[Malleus]], [[Stapes]] | | Articulations = [[Malleus]], [[Stapes]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''incus''' is | The '''incus''', also known as the anvil, is a small bone in the [[middle ear]] that plays a crucial role in the auditory system of mammals. It is one of the three ossicles, the others being the [[malleus]] and the [[stapes]]. These bones are responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the air to the fluid-filled cochlea. | ||
== Anatomy == | == Anatomy == | ||
The incus is | The incus is the second ossicle in the chain of three bones in the middle ear. It is located between the [[malleus]], which is attached to the [[tympanic membrane]], and the [[stapes]], which connects to the [[oval window]] of the cochlea. | ||
The incus has a body and two limbs: | |||
* The '''body''' of the incus articulates with the head of the [[malleus]]. | |||
* The '''short limb''' projects horizontally backward and is attached to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity by a ligament. | |||
* The '''long limb''' descends vertically and ends in a rounded projection called the lenticular process, which articulates with the head of the [[stapes]]. | |||
== Function == | == Function == | ||
The primary function of the incus is to transmit sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. When sound waves | The primary function of the incus is to transmit sound vibrations from the [[malleus]] to the [[stapes]]. When sound waves strike the [[tympanic membrane]], they cause it to vibrate. These vibrations are transferred to the [[malleus]], which then transmits them to the incus. The incus, in turn, passes these vibrations to the [[stapes]], which then transmits them to the [[oval window]] of the cochlea. | ||
The incus acts as a lever, amplifying the force of the vibrations as they pass from the [[malleus]] to the [[stapes]]. This amplification is necessary to overcome the impedance mismatch between the air in the ear canal and the fluid in the cochlea. | |||
== Development == | == Development == | ||
The incus develops from the first | The incus develops from the first pharyngeal arch during embryonic development. It is derived from the cartilage of the arch, known as Meckel's cartilage. The ossification of the incus begins in the fetal period and continues after birth. | ||
== Clinical significance == | == Clinical significance == | ||
Damage or | Damage or dysfunction of the incus can lead to conductive hearing loss. This can occur due to trauma, infection, or congenital malformations. Surgical procedures, such as ossiculoplasty, may be performed to repair or replace the incus to restore hearing. | ||
== | == Also see == | ||
* [[Malleus]] | * [[Malleus]] | ||
* [[Stapes]] | * [[Stapes]] | ||
* [[Middle ear]] | * [[Middle ear]] | ||
* [[Tympanic membrane]] | * [[Tympanic membrane]] | ||
* [[Cochlea]] | * [[Cochlea]] | ||
{{Auditory system}} | |||
{{ | |||
[[Category:Auditory system]] | [[Category:Auditory system]] | ||
[[Category:Ossicles]] | [[Category:Ossicles]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:35, 9 December 2024
| General Information | |
|---|---|
| Latin | Incus |
| Greek | |
| TA98 | |
| TA2 | |
| FMA | |
| Details | |
| System | Auditory system |
| Artery | |
| Vein | |
| Nerve | |
| Lymphatic drainage | |
| Precursor | |
| Function | |
| Identifiers | |
| Clinical significance | |
| Notes | |
The incus, also known as the anvil, is a small bone in the middle ear that plays a crucial role in the auditory system of mammals. It is one of the three ossicles, the others being the malleus and the stapes. These bones are responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the air to the fluid-filled cochlea.
Anatomy[edit]
The incus is the second ossicle in the chain of three bones in the middle ear. It is located between the malleus, which is attached to the tympanic membrane, and the stapes, which connects to the oval window of the cochlea.
The incus has a body and two limbs:
- The body of the incus articulates with the head of the malleus.
- The short limb projects horizontally backward and is attached to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity by a ligament.
- The long limb descends vertically and ends in a rounded projection called the lenticular process, which articulates with the head of the stapes.
Function[edit]
The primary function of the incus is to transmit sound vibrations from the malleus to the stapes. When sound waves strike the tympanic membrane, they cause it to vibrate. These vibrations are transferred to the malleus, which then transmits them to the incus. The incus, in turn, passes these vibrations to the stapes, which then transmits them to the oval window of the cochlea.
The incus acts as a lever, amplifying the force of the vibrations as they pass from the malleus to the stapes. This amplification is necessary to overcome the impedance mismatch between the air in the ear canal and the fluid in the cochlea.
Development[edit]
The incus develops from the first pharyngeal arch during embryonic development. It is derived from the cartilage of the arch, known as Meckel's cartilage. The ossification of the incus begins in the fetal period and continues after birth.
Clinical significance[edit]
Damage or dysfunction of the incus can lead to conductive hearing loss. This can occur due to trauma, infection, or congenital malformations. Surgical procedures, such as ossiculoplasty, may be performed to repair or replace the incus to restore hearing.
Also see[edit]
| Anatomy of hearing and balance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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