Kidney failure: Difference between revisions
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[[Kidney disease]] can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure. If less than 15 percent of your kidney is working normally, | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Kidney failure | |||
| image = [[File:Hemodialysismachine.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = A [[hemodialysis]] machine, used to treat [[kidney failure]] | |||
| synonyms = [[Renal failure]], [[end-stage renal disease]] (ESRD) | |||
| specialty = [[Nephrology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Decreased urine output]], [[swelling]], [[fatigue]], [[nausea]], [[shortness of breath]] | |||
| complications = [[Heart disease]], [[anemia]], [[bone disease]], [[hyperkalemia]] | |||
| onset = Gradual or sudden | |||
| duration = Long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute) | |||
| causes = [[Diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], [[glomerulonephritis]], [[polycystic kidney disease]] | |||
| risks = [[Diabetes]], [[hypertension]], [[family history]], [[age]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood tests]], [[urine tests]], [[imaging studies]], [[kidney biopsy]] | |||
| treatment = [[Dialysis]], [[kidney transplant]], [[medications]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; depends on cause and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common, especially in older adults | |||
}} | |||
[[Kidney disease]] can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure. If less than 15 percent of your kidney is working normally, that’s considered kidney failure. You may have symptoms from the buildup of waste products and extra water in your body. | |||
== Other names == | == Other names == | ||
Kidney failure, also called renal failure. | Kidney failure, also called renal failure. | ||
==Types of kidney failure== | ==Types of kidney failure== | ||
Kidney failure can come on suddenly (acute kidney failure), or after years of kidney disease (chronic kidney failure). When your kidneys fail, [[dialysis]] or [[kidney transplant]] is necessary for survival. | Kidney failure can come on suddenly (acute kidney failure), or after years of kidney disease (chronic kidney failure). When your kidneys fail, [[dialysis]] or [[kidney transplant]] is necessary for survival. | ||
==What is kidney failure?== | ==What is kidney failure?== | ||
A sudden drop in kidney function is called acute kidney failure. This develops quickly over a few hours or days, and mostly happens in people who are already critically ill. | A sudden drop in kidney function is called acute kidney failure. This develops quickly over a few hours or days, and mostly happens in people who are already critically ill. | ||
==Chronic kidney disease and kidney failure== | ==Chronic kidney disease and kidney failure== | ||
More commonly, kidney failure happens as the final stage of chronic kidney disease. Called | More commonly, kidney failure happens as the final stage of chronic kidney disease. Called ‘end stage kidney disease,’ this is when about 90% of kidney function has been lost. | ||
==What causes kidney failure?== | ==What causes kidney failure?== | ||
Acute kidney failure most commonly affects people who are already hospitalised because they are very ill. It can be caused by: | Acute kidney failure most commonly affects people who are already hospitalised because they are very ill. It can be caused by: | ||
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* damaged kidneys (for example, due to disease or toxins) | * damaged kidneys (for example, due to disease or toxins) | ||
* blocked kidney drainage tubes (ureters) (for example, from kidney stones or tumours) | * blocked kidney drainage tubes (ureters) (for example, from kidney stones or tumours) | ||
* Some medicines can also bring on acute kidney failure | * Some medicines can also bring on acute kidney failure — these include antibiotics, chemotherapy, imaging dyes, and medicines for blood pressure and osteoporosis. | ||
The most common diseases causing chronic kidney failure are [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]] or inflammation in the kidney ([[glomerulonephritis]]). | The most common diseases causing chronic kidney failure are [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]] or inflammation in the kidney ([[glomerulonephritis]]). | ||
==Signs and symptoms of kidney failure== | ==Signs and symptoms of kidney failure== | ||
Symptoms of acute kidney failure can include decreased amount of urine, fluid retention, confusion, nausea and chest pain. Symptoms of chronic kidney failure may include tiredness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, itching, restless legs, breathlessness, high blood pressure that | Symptoms of acute kidney failure can include decreased amount of urine, fluid retention, confusion, nausea and chest pain. Symptoms of chronic kidney failure may include tiredness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, itching, restless legs, breathlessness, high blood pressure that can’t be controlled and night-time urination. If you notice any such symptoms, see your doctor. | ||
==Kidney failure treatment== | ==Kidney failure treatment== | ||
There are three options for the treatment of kidney failure: | There are three options for the treatment of kidney failure: | ||
* [[kidney transplant]], in which a diseased kidney is replaced by a healthy one from a donor | * [[kidney transplant]], in which a diseased kidney is replaced by a healthy one from a donor | ||
* [[dialysis]], which uses a machine (haemodialysis) or other parts of the body (abdominal dialysis) to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood | * [[dialysis]], which uses a machine (haemodialysis) or other parts of the body (abdominal dialysis) to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood | ||
* supportive care, which means providing all health care and support possible, but not attempting to cure the kidney failure. In this case the person with kidney failure will eventually die. | * supportive care, which means providing all health care and support possible, but not attempting to cure the kidney failure. In this case the person with kidney failure will eventually die. | ||
==Preventing kidney failure== | ==Preventing kidney failure== | ||
You can help keep your kidneys as healthy as possible by maintaining a healthy weight, eating well, not smoking, keeping a check on your blood pressure, keeping within your glucose targets if you have diabetes, and exercising regularly. | You can help keep your kidneys as healthy as possible by maintaining a healthy weight, eating well, not smoking, keeping a check on your blood pressure, keeping within your glucose targets if you have diabetes, and exercising regularly. | ||
* A haemodialysis uses a machine to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. | * A haemodialysis uses a machine to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood. | ||
* Illustration showing how a peritoneal dialysis works. | * Illustration showing how a peritoneal dialysis works. | ||
* A dialysis using the abdomen to remove waste and extra fluid from your body. | * A dialysis using the abdomen to remove waste and extra fluid from your body. | ||
If you have chronic kidney disease, medical treatments and lifestyle changes can delay or prevent its progression to kidney failure, and also help control symptoms. | If you have chronic kidney disease, medical treatments and lifestyle changes can delay or prevent its progression to kidney failure, and also help control symptoms. | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 01:39, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Kidney failure | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Renal failure, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Nephrology |
| Symptoms | Decreased urine output, swelling, fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath |
| Complications | Heart disease, anemia, bone disease, hyperkalemia |
| Onset | Gradual or sudden |
| Duration | Long-term (chronic) or short-term (acute) |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Diabetes, high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis, polycystic kidney disease |
| Risks | Diabetes, hypertension, family history, age |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests, urine tests, imaging studies, kidney biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | N/A |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Dialysis, kidney transplant, medications |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable; depends on cause and treatment |
| Frequency | Common, especially in older adults |
| Deaths | N/A |
Kidney disease can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure. If less than 15 percent of your kidney is working normally, that’s considered kidney failure. You may have symptoms from the buildup of waste products and extra water in your body.
Other names[edit]
Kidney failure, also called renal failure.
Types of kidney failure[edit]
Kidney failure can come on suddenly (acute kidney failure), or after years of kidney disease (chronic kidney failure). When your kidneys fail, dialysis or kidney transplant is necessary for survival.
What is kidney failure?[edit]
A sudden drop in kidney function is called acute kidney failure. This develops quickly over a few hours or days, and mostly happens in people who are already critically ill.
Chronic kidney disease and kidney failure[edit]
More commonly, kidney failure happens as the final stage of chronic kidney disease. Called ‘end stage kidney disease,’ this is when about 90% of kidney function has been lost.
What causes kidney failure?[edit]
Acute kidney failure most commonly affects people who are already hospitalised because they are very ill. It can be caused by:
- slow blood flow to the kidneys (for example, due to an accident, burns or dehydration)
- damaged kidneys (for example, due to disease or toxins)
- blocked kidney drainage tubes (ureters) (for example, from kidney stones or tumours)
- Some medicines can also bring on acute kidney failure — these include antibiotics, chemotherapy, imaging dyes, and medicines for blood pressure and osteoporosis.
The most common diseases causing chronic kidney failure are diabetes, high blood pressure or inflammation in the kidney (glomerulonephritis).
Signs and symptoms of kidney failure[edit]
Symptoms of acute kidney failure can include decreased amount of urine, fluid retention, confusion, nausea and chest pain. Symptoms of chronic kidney failure may include tiredness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, itching, restless legs, breathlessness, high blood pressure that can’t be controlled and night-time urination. If you notice any such symptoms, see your doctor.
Kidney failure treatment[edit]
There are three options for the treatment of kidney failure:
- kidney transplant, in which a diseased kidney is replaced by a healthy one from a donor
- dialysis, which uses a machine (haemodialysis) or other parts of the body (abdominal dialysis) to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood
- supportive care, which means providing all health care and support possible, but not attempting to cure the kidney failure. In this case the person with kidney failure will eventually die.
Preventing kidney failure[edit]
You can help keep your kidneys as healthy as possible by maintaining a healthy weight, eating well, not smoking, keeping a check on your blood pressure, keeping within your glucose targets if you have diabetes, and exercising regularly.
- A haemodialysis uses a machine to remove waste and extra fluid from your blood.
- Illustration showing how a peritoneal dialysis works.
- A dialysis using the abdomen to remove waste and extra fluid from your body.
If you have chronic kidney disease, medical treatments and lifestyle changes can delay or prevent its progression to kidney failure, and also help control symptoms.
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