Hypokinesia: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hypokinesia | |||
| image = [[File:Dystonia2010.JPG|left|thumb|A person with hypokinesia]] | |||
| caption = A person with hypokinesia | |||
| field = [[Neurology]] | |||
| symptoms = Decreased bodily movement | |||
| complications = [[Parkinson's disease]], [[bradykinesia]], [[akinesia]] | |||
| onset = Varies depending on underlying cause | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Parkinson's disease]], [[neurological disorders]], [[medication side effects]] | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[genetic factors]], [[environmental factors]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical assessment]], [[neurological examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Bradykinesia]], [[akinesia]], [[dystonia]] | |||
| treatment = [[Medication]], [[physical therapy]], [[surgery]] | |||
| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause | |||
| frequency = Common in [[Parkinson's disease]] | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A condition characterized by decreased bodily movement}} | {{Short description|A condition characterized by decreased bodily movement}} | ||
[[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|left|thumb|Surgical intervention for Parkinson's disease, a condition associated with hypokinesia.]] | |||
[[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|thumb | |||
'''Hypokinesia''' is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by decreased bodily movement. It is often associated with various neurological disorders, most notably [[Parkinson's disease]]. Hypokinesia can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform everyday activities. | '''Hypokinesia''' is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by decreased bodily movement. It is often associated with various neurological disorders, most notably [[Parkinson's disease]]. Hypokinesia can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform everyday activities. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Hypokinesia is commonly linked to disorders of the [[basal ganglia]], a group of structures in the brain responsible for coordinating movement. The most prevalent cause of hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration of [[dopaminergic neurons]] in the [[substantia nigra]]. Other causes may include: | Hypokinesia is commonly linked to disorders of the [[basal ganglia]], a group of structures in the brain responsible for coordinating movement. The most prevalent cause of hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration of [[dopaminergic neurons]] in the [[substantia nigra]]. Other causes may include: | ||
* [[Stroke]] | * [[Stroke]] | ||
* [[Multiple system atrophy]] | * [[Multiple system atrophy]] | ||
* [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | * [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]] | ||
* [[Corticobasal degeneration]] | * [[Corticobasal degeneration]] | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of hypokinesia is a reduction in the amplitude and speed of voluntary movements. This can manifest as: | The primary symptom of hypokinesia is a reduction in the amplitude and speed of voluntary movements. This can manifest as: | ||
* [[Bradykinesia]] - Slowness of movement | * [[Bradykinesia]] - Slowness of movement | ||
* [[Akinesia]] - Difficulty in initiating movement | * [[Akinesia]] - Difficulty in initiating movement | ||
* Reduced facial expressions, often referred to as "mask-like" face | * Reduced facial expressions, often referred to as "mask-like" face | ||
* Decreased arm swing while walking | * Decreased arm swing while walking | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of hypokinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and patient history. Neurological examination and imaging studies, such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]], may be used to rule out other conditions. In cases of suspected Parkinson's disease, a trial of [[levodopa]] may be administered to assess response. | The diagnosis of hypokinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and patient history. Neurological examination and imaging studies, such as [[MRI]] or [[CT scan]], may be used to rule out other conditions. In cases of suspected Parkinson's disease, a trial of [[levodopa]] may be administered to assess response. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
[[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|thumb | [[File:Parkinson_surgery.jpg|left|thumb|Deep brain stimulation surgery is a treatment option for severe cases of hypokinesia.]] | ||
Treatment of hypokinesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa, [[dopamine agonists]], and [[MAO-B inhibitors]] are commonly used to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like [[deep brain stimulation]] may be considered. | Treatment of hypokinesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa, [[dopamine agonists]], and [[MAO-B inhibitors]] are commonly used to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like [[deep brain stimulation]] may be considered. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis of hypokinesia depends on its underlying cause. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, symptoms typically worsen over time, although treatment can help manage and alleviate symptoms. | The prognosis of hypokinesia depends on its underlying cause. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, symptoms typically worsen over time, although treatment can help manage and alleviate symptoms. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Parkinson's disease]] | * [[Parkinson's disease]] | ||
* [[Bradykinesia]] | * [[Bradykinesia]] | ||
* [[Basal ganglia]] | * [[Basal ganglia]] | ||
* [[Deep brain stimulation]] | * [[Deep brain stimulation]] | ||
[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Movement disorders]] | [[Category:Movement disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:43, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hypokinesia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Decreased bodily movement |
| Complications | Parkinson's disease, bradykinesia, akinesia |
| Onset | Varies depending on underlying cause |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Parkinson's disease, neurological disorders, medication side effects |
| Risks | Age, genetic factors, environmental factors |
| Diagnosis | Clinical assessment, neurological examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Bradykinesia, akinesia, dystonia |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Medication, physical therapy, surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Depends on underlying cause |
| Frequency | Common in Parkinson's disease |
| Deaths | N/A |
A condition characterized by decreased bodily movement
Hypokinesia is a medical term used to describe a condition characterized by decreased bodily movement. It is often associated with various neurological disorders, most notably Parkinson's disease. Hypokinesia can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting their ability to perform everyday activities.
Causes[edit]
Hypokinesia is commonly linked to disorders of the basal ganglia, a group of structures in the brain responsible for coordinating movement. The most prevalent cause of hypokinesia is Parkinson's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Other causes may include:
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of hypokinesia is a reduction in the amplitude and speed of voluntary movements. This can manifest as:
- Bradykinesia - Slowness of movement
- Akinesia - Difficulty in initiating movement
- Reduced facial expressions, often referred to as "mask-like" face
- Decreased arm swing while walking
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of hypokinesia is primarily clinical, based on the observation of symptoms and patient history. Neurological examination and imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scan, may be used to rule out other conditions. In cases of suspected Parkinson's disease, a trial of levodopa may be administered to assess response.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of hypokinesia focuses on addressing the underlying cause. In Parkinson's disease, medications such as levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors are commonly used to manage symptoms. In advanced cases, surgical interventions like deep brain stimulation may be considered.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis of hypokinesia depends on its underlying cause. In progressive neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's disease, symptoms typically worsen over time, although treatment can help manage and alleviate symptoms.
