Pleomorphic adenoma: Difference between revisions
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== | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
[[File:Pleomorphic adenoma - cytology.jpg|thumb | | name = Pleomorphic adenoma | ||
| image = [[File:Cytopathology_of_pleomorphic_adenoma.png|left|thumb|Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma]] | |||
| caption = Cytopathology of pleomorphic adenoma | |||
| field = [[Otorhinolaryngology]], [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Benign mixed tumor | |||
| symptoms = Painless, slow-growing mass | |||
| complications = Rare malignant transformation | |||
| onset = Middle age | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = Unknown | |||
| risks = Radiation exposure, genetic factors | |||
| diagnosis = [[Fine needle aspiration]], [[Ultrasound]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Warthin's tumor]], [[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]], [[Adenoid cystic carcinoma]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Surgical excision]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = Excellent with treatment | |||
| frequency = Most common salivary gland tumor | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Pleomorphic adenoma - cytology.jpg|left|thumb|Histopathological image of pleomorphic adenoma.]] | |||
'''Pleomorphic Adenoma''' is a benign neoplasm characterized by a mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, along with a mesenchymal component that can include mucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous, or osseous areas. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor. | '''Pleomorphic Adenoma''' is a benign neoplasm characterized by a mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, along with a mesenchymal component that can include mucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous, or osseous areas. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor. | ||
== Characteristics == | == Characteristics == | ||
Pleomorphic adenomas are often encapsulated, either completely or partially. They are notable for their diverse histological appearance, hence the term "pleomorphic" (meaning "many forms"). | Pleomorphic adenomas are often encapsulated, either completely or partially. They are notable for their diverse histological appearance, hence the term "pleomorphic" (meaning "many forms"). | ||
== Occurrence == | == Occurrence == | ||
This tumor type primarily occurs in: | This tumor type primarily occurs in: | ||
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* Upper respiratory tract | * Upper respiratory tract | ||
* Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses | * Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Pleomorphic adenomas usually present as a slow-growing, painless mass. In some cases, patients may experience pain or facial palsy. | Pleomorphic adenomas usually present as a slow-growing, painless mass. In some cases, patients may experience pain or facial palsy. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of: | Diagnosis typically involves a combination of: | ||
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* Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans | * Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans | ||
* Biopsy to confirm the histological diagnosis | * Biopsy to confirm the histological diagnosis | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal is necessary to minimize the risk of recurrence. | The standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal is necessary to minimize the risk of recurrence. | ||
== Potential Complications == | == Potential Complications == | ||
Complications of pleomorphic adenoma may include: | Complications of pleomorphic adenoma may include: | ||
* Recurrence after excision | * Recurrence after excision | ||
* Rare transformation into a malignant neoplasm (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) | * Rare transformation into a malignant neoplasm (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma) | ||
== External Links == | == External Links == | ||
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482286/ National Center for Biotechnology Information - Pleomorphic Adenoma] | * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482286/ National Center for Biotechnology Information - Pleomorphic Adenoma] | ||
* [https://www.cancer.org/cancer/salivary-gland-cancer/about/what-is-salivary-gland-cancer.html American Cancer Society - What Is Salivary Gland Cancer?] | * [https://www.cancer.org/cancer/salivary-gland-cancer/about/what-is-salivary-gland-cancer.html American Cancer Society - What Is Salivary Gland Cancer?] | ||
[[Category:Benign Neoplasms]] | [[Category:Benign Neoplasms]] | ||
[[Category:Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology]] | [[Category:Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology]] | ||
{{tumorstub}} | {{tumorstub}} | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 20:20, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pleomorphic adenoma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Benign mixed tumor |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Painless, slow-growing mass |
| Complications | Rare malignant transformation |
| Onset | Middle age |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | |
| Causes | Unknown |
| Risks | Radiation exposure, genetic factors |
| Diagnosis | Fine needle aspiration, Ultrasound, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Warthin's tumor, Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Adenoid cystic carcinoma |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Surgical excision |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | Excellent with treatment |
| Frequency | Most common salivary gland tumor |
| Deaths | N/A |
Pleomorphic Adenoma is a benign neoplasm characterized by a mix of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, along with a mesenchymal component that can include mucoid, myxoid, cartilaginous, or osseous areas. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor.
Characteristics[edit]
Pleomorphic adenomas are often encapsulated, either completely or partially. They are notable for their diverse histological appearance, hence the term "pleomorphic" (meaning "many forms").
Occurrence[edit]
This tumor type primarily occurs in:
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
- Minor salivary glands in the oral cavity
- Upper respiratory tract
- Nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
Symptoms[edit]
Pleomorphic adenomas usually present as a slow-growing, painless mass. In some cases, patients may experience pain or facial palsy.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:
- Physical examination
- Imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans
- Biopsy to confirm the histological diagnosis
Treatment[edit]
The standard treatment for pleomorphic adenoma is surgical excision. Complete removal is necessary to minimize the risk of recurrence.
Potential Complications[edit]
Complications of pleomorphic adenoma may include:
- Recurrence after excision
- Rare transformation into a malignant neoplasm (carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma)
