Vertigo: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Vertigo | |||
| image = [[File:3D_still_showing_Vertigo.jpg|alt=3D still showing Vertigo]] | |||
| caption = 3D illustration of Vertigo | |||
| field = [[Otorhinolaryngology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Dizziness]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[balance disorder]] | |||
| complications = [[Falls]], [[injury]] | |||
| onset = Sudden or gradual | |||
| duration = Episodes can last from seconds to hours | |||
| causes = [[Inner ear disorder]], [[vestibular migraine]], [[Meniere's disease]], [[BPPV]] | |||
| risks = [[Head injury]], [[ear infection]], [[migraine]], [[aging]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[Dix-Hallpike test]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Lightheadedness]], [[disequilibrium]], [[presyncope]] | |||
| treatment = [[Vestibular rehabilitation]], [[medication]], [[surgery]] | |||
| medication = [[Antihistamines]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[antiemetics]] | |||
| frequency = Common | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Vertigo}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Vertigo}} | ||
'''Vertigo''' is a sensation of spinning or movement, either of oneself or the surrounding environment, when no actual movement is occurring. Vertigo is a symptom of various conditions related to the inner ear or the brain, and can significantly impact an individual's balance and orientation. The experience can be classified into two types: objective vertigo, in which the person feels the external world is spinning, and subjective vertigo, in which the individual perceives themselves as spinning. | '''Vertigo''' is a sensation of spinning or movement, either of oneself or the surrounding environment, when no actual movement is occurring. Vertigo is a symptom of various conditions related to the inner ear or the brain, and can significantly impact an individual's balance and orientation. The experience can be classified into two types: objective vertigo, in which the person feels the external world is spinning, and subjective vertigo, in which the individual perceives themselves as spinning. | ||
[[File:Vertigo.png|thumb|Vertigo]] | [[File:Vertigo.png|left|thumb|Vertigo]] | ||
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== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
Vertigo can be caused by several factors, including disorders of the inner ear, central nervous system, or certain medications. Some common causes include: | Vertigo can be caused by several factors, including disorders of the inner ear, central nervous system, or certain medications. Some common causes include: | ||
* [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]] (BPPV) | * [[Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo]] (BPPV) | ||
* [[Meniere's disease]] | * [[Meniere's disease]] | ||
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== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
In addition to the sensation of spinning or movement, vertigo may be accompanied by other symptoms such as: | In addition to the sensation of spinning or movement, vertigo may be accompanied by other symptoms such as: | ||
* [[Nausea]] and vomiting | * [[Nausea]] and vomiting | ||
* Sweating | * Sweating | ||
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== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
A healthcare professional will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause of vertigo. This may involve: | A healthcare professional will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause of vertigo. This may involve: | ||
* Patient history and physical examination | * Patient history and physical examination | ||
* [[Dix-Hallpike maneuver]] or other positional testing for BPPV | * [[Dix-Hallpike maneuver]] or other positional testing for BPPV | ||
| Line 47: | Line 62: | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause and may include: | Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause and may include: | ||
* Repositioning maneuvers, such as the [[Epley maneuver]], for BPPV | * Repositioning maneuvers, such as the [[Epley maneuver]], for BPPV | ||
* Medications to alleviate symptoms, including anti-vertigo, anti-nausea, and diuretics | * Medications to alleviate symptoms, including anti-vertigo, anti-nausea, and diuretics | ||
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== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Some preventive measures for vertigo include: | Some preventive measures for vertigo include: | ||
* Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet | * Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet | ||
* Managing stress levels | * Managing stress levels | ||
* Avoiding triggers such as certain foods, medications, or activities that may provoke vertigo symptoms | * Avoiding triggers such as certain foods, medications, or activities that may provoke vertigo symptoms | ||
* Seeking prompt medical attention for ear infections or other underlying conditions | * Seeking prompt medical attention for ear infections or other underlying conditions | ||
== Summary == | == Summary == | ||
[[Illusion]] of [[movement]]. Illusion is a sensation that the external world is revolving around an individual ([[objective]] [[vertigo]]) or that the individual is revolving in space ([[subjective]] [[vertigo]]). | [[Illusion]] of [[movement]]. Illusion is a sensation that the external world is revolving around an individual ([[objective]] [[vertigo]]) or that the individual is revolving in space ([[subjective]] [[vertigo]]). | ||
{{Ear symptoms and signs}} | {{Ear symptoms and signs}} | ||
{{Diseases of the ear and mastoid process}} | {{Diseases of the ear and mastoid process}} | ||
Latest revision as of 19:41, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Vertigo | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Dizziness, nausea, vomiting, balance disorder |
| Complications | Falls, injury |
| Onset | Sudden or gradual |
| Duration | Episodes can last from seconds to hours |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Inner ear disorder, vestibular migraine, Meniere's disease, BPPV |
| Risks | Head injury, ear infection, migraine, aging |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, Dix-Hallpike test, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Lightheadedness, disequilibrium, presyncope |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Vestibular rehabilitation, medication, surgery |
| Medication | Antihistamines, benzodiazepines, antiemetics |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common |
| Deaths | Rare |
Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or movement, either of oneself or the surrounding environment, when no actual movement is occurring. Vertigo is a symptom of various conditions related to the inner ear or the brain, and can significantly impact an individual's balance and orientation. The experience can be classified into two types: objective vertigo, in which the person feels the external world is spinning, and subjective vertigo, in which the individual perceives themselves as spinning.
Causes[edit]
Vertigo can be caused by several factors, including disorders of the inner ear, central nervous system, or certain medications. Some common causes include:
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
- Meniere's disease
- Labyrinthitis
- Vestibular neuritis
- Migraine-associated vertigo
- Multiple sclerosis
- Stroke
- Acoustic neuroma
- Head injury
Symptoms[edit]
In addition to the sensation of spinning or movement, vertigo may be accompanied by other symptoms such as:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sweating
- Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
- Hearing loss or ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Difficulty walking or maintaining balance
- Visual disturbances
- Headaches
- Weakness or numbness
Diagnosis[edit]
A healthcare professional will perform a thorough evaluation to determine the underlying cause of vertigo. This may involve:
- Patient history and physical examination
- Dix-Hallpike maneuver or other positional testing for BPPV
- Hearing tests
- Blood tests
- Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans
- Electronystagmography (ENG) or Videonystagmography (VNG) tests to evaluate inner ear function
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for vertigo depends on the underlying cause and may include:
- Repositioning maneuvers, such as the Epley maneuver, for BPPV
- Medications to alleviate symptoms, including anti-vertigo, anti-nausea, and diuretics
- Vestibular rehabilitation therapy to improve balance and coordination
- Dietary modifications and stress reduction for Meniere's disease
- Surgical intervention in cases of acoustic neuroma or severe Meniere's disease
Prevention[edit]
Some preventive measures for vertigo include:
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise and a balanced diet
- Managing stress levels
- Avoiding triggers such as certain foods, medications, or activities that may provoke vertigo symptoms
- Seeking prompt medical attention for ear infections or other underlying conditions
Summary[edit]
Illusion of movement. Illusion is a sensation that the external world is revolving around an individual (objective vertigo) or that the individual is revolving in space (subjective vertigo).
| Disorders of hearing and balance | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60–H99, 380–389) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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