Hydrocarbon keratosis

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Hydrocarbon keratosis
Synonyms	Pitch warts, tar keratosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	Dermatology
Symptoms	Wart-like skin lesions, hyperkeratosis
Complications	Skin cancer
Onset	Prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons
Duration	Chronic
Types	N/A
Causes	Occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Risks	Working with coal tar, asphalt, mineral oil
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, biopsy
Differential diagnosis	Actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis
Prevention	Protective clothing, minimizing exposure
Treatment	Cryotherapy, curettage, topical chemotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	Good with treatment, risk of malignancy if untreated
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

• A hydrocarbon keratosis (also known as pitch keratosis, tar keratosis, and tar wart) is a precancerous keratotic skin lesion that occurs in people who have been occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Pathophysiology

• Hydrocarbon keratosis is a skin ailment induced by exposure to hydrocarbons, which are organic substances present in gasoline, lubricating oils, and solvents.
• This condition is most frequently observed in industrial employees, such as mechanics, oil rig workers, and construction workers.

Clinical features

• Hydrocarbon keratosis is characterized by the appearance of scaly, hyperpigmented, dry, and rough patches on the skin.
• The patches are typically found on the hands, arms, and face, and can be brown, black, or red in appearance.

Mechanism

• The specific process by which hydrocarbons cause keratosis is unclear, however it is assumed to be related to the chemicals' toxicity.

Risks to the cell

• Hydrocarbons are known to harm cells and create oxidative stress, which can contribute to skin diseases. In addition, hydrocarbons can permeate the skin and impair the normal function of cells, resulting in an inflammatory immunological response and immune dysfunction.
• In extreme instances, hydrocarbon keratosis can irritate the skin and possibly lead to the development of skin cancer.

Treatment

• Hydrocarbon keratosis is treated according to the severity of the condition.
• In moderate cases, topical lotions and ointments can be used to minimize scaling and moisturize the skin.
• In severe cases, a dermatologist may propose a combination of topical and systemic therapies, such as retinoids, immunosuppressants, and phototherapy. In certain instances, surgical removal of damaged tissue may be required.

Prevention

• Hydrocarbon keratosis can be prevented by decreasing exposure to hydrocarbons.
• This can be accomplished by wearing protective gloves, clothes, and eyewear when handling materials containing hydrocarbons.
• In addition, basic hygiene habits, such as thorough hand washing following exposure, might lower the likelihood of getting this illness.

Summary

• Hydrocarbon keratosis is a skin condition induced by repeated contact to hydrocarbons.
• It is characterized by the formation of scaly, hyperpigmented areas on the skin, and in extreme cases it can lead to skin irritation and even skin cancer.
• Reducing exposure to hydrocarbons and practicing proper hygiene are crucial for preventing the onset of this illness.
• Consult a dermatologist for a correct diagnosis and treatment if you suspect you have hydrocarbon keratosis.

References

• Rosen, T., & Steinberg, M. (2005). Occupational skin diseases. New England Journal of Medicine, 353(10), 1096-1106.
• Orton, D. I., & Price, E. M. (2001). Hydrocarbon keratosis: A new occupational hazard?. British Journal of Dermatology, 145(6), 1038-1042.
• Khalid, N., & Eriksson, E. (2008). The toxicology of hydrocarbons. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 21(5), 977-1005.

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