Urinary tract infection: Difference between revisions
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{{SI}} | |||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Urinary tract infection | |||
| image = [[File:Pyuria.JPG|left|thumb|Pyuria, a common symptom of urinary tract infection]] | |||
| caption = Pyuria, a common symptom of urinary tract infection | |||
| field = [[Urology]] | |||
| synonyms = UTI | |||
| symptoms = [[Dysuria]], [[frequency (medicine)|frequent urination]], [[urgency (medicine)|urgency]], [[suprapubic pain]], [[hematuria]] | |||
| complications = [[Pyelonephritis]], [[sepsis]], [[kidney damage]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Days to weeks | |||
| causes = [[Bacterial infection]], commonly ''[[Escherichia coli]]'' | |||
| risks = [[Female]], [[sexual activity]], [[diabetes]], [[urinary catheter]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Urinalysis]], [[urine culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Vaginitis]], [[urethritis]], [[interstitial cystitis]] | |||
| prevention = [[Cranberry juice]], [[urination after intercourse]], [[proper hygiene]] | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]] such as [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]], [[nitrofurantoin]], [[cephalexin]] | |||
| medication = [[Antibiotics]] | |||
| frequency = Common, especially in women | |||
| deaths = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|Infection that affects part of the urinary tract}} | {{Short description|Infection that affects part of the urinary tract}} | ||
A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') is an infection that affects part of the [[urinary tract]]. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple [[cystitis]] (a bladder infection), and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as [[pyelonephritis]] (a kidney infection). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include [[dysuria]] (painful urination) and frequent urination or urge to urinate, while symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. | A '''urinary tract infection''' ('''UTI''') is an infection that affects part of the [[urinary tract]]. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple [[cystitis]] (a bladder infection), and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as [[pyelonephritis]] (a kidney infection). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include [[dysuria]] (painful urination) and frequent urination or urge to urinate, while symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. | ||
==Signs and Symptoms== | ==Signs and Symptoms== | ||
The most common symptoms of a UTI include a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, and an urgent need to urinate. In cases of pyelonephritis, symptoms may also include fever, chills, and back pain. [[Pyuria]], or pus in the urine, is often present. | The most common symptoms of a UTI include a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, and an urgent need to urinate. In cases of pyelonephritis, symptoms may also include fever, chills, and back pain. [[Pyuria]], or pus in the urine, is often present. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
[[File:UPEC adhered to BEC.jpg|thumb | [[File:UPEC adhered to BEC.jpg|left|thumb|Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) adhered to bladder epithelial cells.]] | ||
UTIs are most commonly caused by [[Escherichia coli]], a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines. Other bacteria can also cause UTIs. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, diabetes, obesity, and family history. | UTIs are most commonly caused by [[Escherichia coli]], a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines. Other bacteria can also cause UTIs. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, diabetes, obesity, and family history. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and confirmed by a [[urinalysis]] or urine culture. In complicated cases, imaging of the urinary tract may be required. | Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and confirmed by a [[urinalysis]] or urine culture. In complicated cases, imaging of the urinary tract may be required. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sexual intercourse, and for women, wiping from front to back. Cranberry products have been studied for prevention, but evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. | Preventive measures include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sexual intercourse, and for women, wiping from front to back. Cranberry products have been studied for prevention, but evidence of their effectiveness is mixed. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
[[File:Co-trimoxazole.JPG|thumb | [[File:Co-trimoxazole.JPG|left|thumb|Co-trimoxazole, an antibiotic used to treat UTIs.]] | ||
UTIs are typically treated with [[antibiotics]]. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria causing the infection and the patient's medical history. Common antibiotics include [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]], [[nitrofurantoin]], and [[ciprofloxacin]]. | UTIs are typically treated with [[antibiotics]]. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria causing the infection and the patient's medical history. Common antibiotics include [[trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole]], [[nitrofurantoin]], and [[ciprofloxacin]]. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
If left untreated, a UTI can lead to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis or [[sepsis]]. Recurrent infections are also a concern, especially in women. | If left untreated, a UTI can lead to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis or [[sepsis]]. Recurrent infections are also a concern, especially in women. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
UTIs are one of the most common types of infections, particularly in women. It is estimated that about 50% of women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime. | UTIs are one of the most common types of infections, particularly in women. It is estimated that about 50% of women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Cystitis]] | * [[Cystitis]] | ||
* [[Pyelonephritis]] | * [[Pyelonephritis]] | ||
* [[Antibiotic resistance]] | * [[Antibiotic resistance]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
{{Commons category|Urinary tract infections}} | {{Commons category|Urinary tract infections}} | ||
[[Category:Urinary system]] | [[Category:Urinary system]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Women's health]] | [[Category:Women's health]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:21, 12 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Urinary tract infection | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | UTI |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Dysuria, frequent urination, urgency, suprapubic pain, hematuria |
| Complications | Pyelonephritis, sepsis, kidney damage |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Days to weeks |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Bacterial infection, commonly Escherichia coli |
| Risks | Female, sexual activity, diabetes, urinary catheter |
| Diagnosis | Urinalysis, urine culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Vaginitis, urethritis, interstitial cystitis |
| Prevention | Cranberry juice, urination after intercourse, proper hygiene |
| Treatment | Antibiotics such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin |
| Medication | Antibiotics |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Common, especially in women |
| Deaths | Rare |
Infection that affects part of the urinary tract
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary tract it is known as a simple cystitis (a bladder infection), and when it affects the upper urinary tract it is known as pyelonephritis (a kidney infection). Symptoms from a lower urinary tract infection include dysuria (painful urination) and frequent urination or urge to urinate, while symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
The most common symptoms of a UTI include a burning sensation when urinating, frequent urination, and an urgent need to urinate. In cases of pyelonephritis, symptoms may also include fever, chills, and back pain. Pyuria, or pus in the urine, is often present.
Causes[edit]
UTIs are most commonly caused by Escherichia coli, a type of bacteria that normally lives in the intestines. Other bacteria can also cause UTIs. Risk factors include female anatomy, sexual activity, diabetes, obesity, and family history.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and confirmed by a urinalysis or urine culture. In complicated cases, imaging of the urinary tract may be required.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sexual intercourse, and for women, wiping from front to back. Cranberry products have been studied for prevention, but evidence of their effectiveness is mixed.
Treatment[edit]
UTIs are typically treated with antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacteria causing the infection and the patient's medical history. Common antibiotics include trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin.
Complications[edit]
If left untreated, a UTI can lead to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis or sepsis. Recurrent infections are also a concern, especially in women.
Epidemiology[edit]
UTIs are one of the most common types of infections, particularly in women. It is estimated that about 50% of women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
External Links[edit]
