Pulmonary vein stenosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Pulmonary vein stenosis | |||
| image = [[File:Gray504.png|left|thumb|Diagram of the heart showing the pulmonary veins]] | |||
| caption = Diagram of the heart showing the pulmonary veins | |||
| field = [[Cardiology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Shortness of breath]], [[fatigue]], [[hemoptysis]] | |||
| complications = [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[right heart failure]] | |||
| onset = Can be [[congenital]] or [[acquired]] | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Congenital heart defect]], [[fibrosis]], [[tumor]] | |||
| risks = [[Congenital heart disease]], [[surgery]], [[radiation therapy]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Echocardiography]], [[CT scan]], [[MRI]], [[cardiac catheterization]] | |||
| differential = [[Pulmonary embolism]], [[mitral stenosis]], [[left atrial myxoma]] | |||
| treatment = [[Balloon angioplasty]], [[stent placement]], [[surgery]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A condition involving narrowing of the pulmonary veins}} | {{Short description|A condition involving narrowing of the pulmonary veins}} | ||
'''Pulmonary vein stenosis''' is a rare but serious condition characterized by the narrowing of one or more of the [[pulmonary veins]]. These veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the [[lungs]] to the [[left atrium]] of the [[heart]]. | '''Pulmonary vein stenosis''' is a rare but serious condition characterized by the narrowing of one or more of the [[pulmonary veins]]. These veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the [[lungs]] to the [[left atrium]] of the [[heart]]. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Pulmonary vein stenosis can occur as a congenital defect or develop later in life. In congenital cases, the condition is present at birth and may be associated with other [[congenital heart defects]]. Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis can result from various causes, including surgical interventions, [[radiation therapy]], or inflammatory processes. | Pulmonary vein stenosis can occur as a congenital defect or develop later in life. In congenital cases, the condition is present at birth and may be associated with other [[congenital heart defects]]. Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis can result from various causes, including surgical interventions, [[radiation therapy]], or inflammatory processes. | ||
The narrowing of the pulmonary veins leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, which can result in [[pulmonary hypertension]]. This increased pressure can cause strain on the right side of the heart, potentially leading to [[right heart failure]]. | The narrowing of the pulmonary veins leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, which can result in [[pulmonary hypertension]]. This increased pressure can cause strain on the right side of the heart, potentially leading to [[right heart failure]]. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of pulmonary vein stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: | The symptoms of pulmonary vein stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include: | ||
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* [[Chest pain]] | * [[Chest pain]] | ||
* [[Palpitations]] | * [[Palpitations]] | ||
In severe cases, patients may experience [[cyanosis]] and signs of heart failure. | In severe cases, patients may experience [[cyanosis]] and signs of heart failure. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis typically involves imaging studies such as: | The diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis typically involves imaging studies such as: | ||
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* [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) | * [[Magnetic resonance imaging]] (MRI) | ||
* [[Cardiac catheterization]] | * [[Cardiac catheterization]] | ||
These tests help visualize the structure of the pulmonary veins and assess the degree of stenosis. | These tests help visualize the structure of the pulmonary veins and assess the degree of stenosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment options for pulmonary vein stenosis depend on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. They may include: | Treatment options for pulmonary vein stenosis depend on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. They may include: | ||
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* [[Stent placement]] | * [[Stent placement]] | ||
* Surgical repair or reconstruction | * Surgical repair or reconstruction | ||
In some cases, [[lung transplantation]] may be considered if the condition is severe and other treatments are not effective. | In some cases, [[lung transplantation]] may be considered if the condition is severe and other treatments are not effective. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary vein stenosis varies. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. In cases where the condition is associated with other congenital heart defects, the overall prognosis depends on the complexity and severity of the associated conditions. | The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary vein stenosis varies. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. In cases where the condition is associated with other congenital heart defects, the overall prognosis depends on the complexity and severity of the associated conditions. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Pulmonary hypertension]] | * [[Pulmonary hypertension]] | ||
* [[Congenital heart defect]] | * [[Congenital heart defect]] | ||
* [[Heart failure]] | * [[Heart failure]] | ||
[[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]] | [[Category:Cardiovascular diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital disorders]] | [[Category:Congenital disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:57, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Pulmonary vein stenosis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Shortness of breath, fatigue, hemoptysis |
| Complications | Pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure |
| Onset | Can be congenital or acquired |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Congenital heart defect, fibrosis, tumor |
| Risks | Congenital heart disease, surgery, radiation therapy |
| Diagnosis | Echocardiography, CT scan, MRI, cardiac catheterization |
| Differential diagnosis | Pulmonary embolism, mitral stenosis, left atrial myxoma |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Balloon angioplasty, stent placement, surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A condition involving narrowing of the pulmonary veins
Pulmonary vein stenosis is a rare but serious condition characterized by the narrowing of one or more of the pulmonary veins. These veins are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Pulmonary vein stenosis can occur as a congenital defect or develop later in life. In congenital cases, the condition is present at birth and may be associated with other congenital heart defects. Acquired pulmonary vein stenosis can result from various causes, including surgical interventions, radiation therapy, or inflammatory processes. The narrowing of the pulmonary veins leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation, which can result in pulmonary hypertension. This increased pressure can cause strain on the right side of the heart, potentially leading to right heart failure.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of pulmonary vein stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Hemoptysis (coughing up blood)
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Palpitations
In severe cases, patients may experience cyanosis and signs of heart failure.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis typically involves imaging studies such as:
- Echocardiography
- Computed tomography (CT) scan
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Cardiac catheterization
These tests help visualize the structure of the pulmonary veins and assess the degree of stenosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment options for pulmonary vein stenosis depend on the severity and underlying cause of the condition. They may include:
- Balloon angioplasty
- Stent placement
- Surgical repair or reconstruction
In some cases, lung transplantation may be considered if the condition is severe and other treatments are not effective.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary vein stenosis varies. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. In cases where the condition is associated with other congenital heart defects, the overall prognosis depends on the complexity and severity of the associated conditions.
