Hyphema: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Hyphema | |||
| image = [[File:Hyphema_-_occupying_half_of_anterior_chamber_of_eye.jpg|left|thumb|Hyphema occupying half of the anterior chamber of the eye]] | |||
| caption = Hyphema occupying half of the anterior chamber of the eye | |||
| field = [[Ophthalmology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Eye pain]], [[blurred vision]], [[photophobia]], [[red eye]] | |||
| complications = [[Glaucoma]], [[corneal blood staining]], [[vision loss]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Varies, typically resolves in days to weeks | |||
| causes = [[Trauma]], [[surgery]], [[blood disorders]] | |||
| risks = [[Sickle cell disease]], [[anticoagulant therapy]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Slit lamp examination]], [[intraocular pressure]] measurement | |||
| differential = [[Conjunctival hemorrhage]], [[iritis]], [[vitreous hemorrhage]] | |||
| treatment = [[Rest]], [[eye shield]], [[elevated head position]], [[medications]] to lower intraocular pressure | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment, but depends on severity | |||
| frequency = Common in cases of eye trauma | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|An overview of hyphema, its causes, symptoms, and treatment}} | {{Short description|An overview of hyphema, its causes, symptoms, and treatment}} | ||
[[File:Total_hyphema.jpg|left|thumb|A total hyphema, where the anterior chamber is completely filled with blood.]] | |||
[[File:Total_hyphema.jpg|thumb | |||
'''Hyphema''' is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the [[anterior chamber]] of the [[eye]], the space between the [[cornea]] and the [[iris]]. It is often the result of trauma to the eye but can also occur spontaneously in certain medical conditions. | '''Hyphema''' is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the [[anterior chamber]] of the [[eye]], the space between the [[cornea]] and the [[iris]]. It is often the result of trauma to the eye but can also occur spontaneously in certain medical conditions. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Hyphema is most commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the eye. Other causes include: | Hyphema is most commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the eye. Other causes include: | ||
* [[Surgery|Post-surgical]] complications | * [[Surgery|Post-surgical]] complications | ||
* [[Blood clotting disorders]] | * [[Blood clotting disorders]] | ||
| Line 14: | Line 27: | ||
* [[Ocular tumors]] | * [[Ocular tumors]] | ||
* [[Herpes zoster]] or [[herpes simplex]] infections | * [[Herpes zoster]] or [[herpes simplex]] infections | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The primary symptom of hyphema is the visible presence of blood in the anterior chamber. Other symptoms may include: | The primary symptom of hyphema is the visible presence of blood in the anterior chamber. Other symptoms may include: | ||
* [[Blurred vision]] | * [[Blurred vision]] | ||
* [[Eye pain]] | * [[Eye pain]] | ||
* [[Photophobia]] (sensitivity to light) | * [[Photophobia]] (sensitivity to light) | ||
* [[Increased intraocular pressure]] | * [[Increased intraocular pressure]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of hyphema is typically made through a clinical examination by an [[ophthalmologist]]. This may include: | Diagnosis of hyphema is typically made through a clinical examination by an [[ophthalmologist]]. This may include: | ||
* [[Slit lamp examination]] | * [[Slit lamp examination]] | ||
* [[Tonometry]] to measure intraocular pressure | * [[Tonometry]] to measure intraocular pressure | ||
* [[Gonioscopy]] to examine the drainage angle of the eye | * [[Gonioscopy]] to examine the drainage angle of the eye | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of hyphema depends on the severity and underlying cause. Common approaches include: | Treatment of hyphema depends on the severity and underlying cause. Common approaches include: | ||
* [[Bed rest]] with head elevation | * [[Bed rest]] with head elevation | ||
* Use of an [[eye shield]] | * Use of an [[eye shield]] | ||
| Line 38: | Line 45: | ||
* [[Cycloplegic agents]] to relieve pain | * [[Cycloplegic agents]] to relieve pain | ||
* [[Antifibrinolytic agents]] to prevent re-bleeding | * [[Antifibrinolytic agents]] to prevent re-bleeding | ||
In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the blood and prevent complications such as [[glaucoma]]. | In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the blood and prevent complications such as [[glaucoma]]. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Potential complications of hyphema include: | Potential complications of hyphema include: | ||
* [[Re-bleeding]] | * [[Re-bleeding]] | ||
* [[Corneal blood staining]] | * [[Corneal blood staining]] | ||
* [[Glaucoma]] | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
* [[Permanent vision loss]] | * [[Permanent vision loss]] | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures for hyphema primarily involve protecting the eyes from trauma. This includes wearing protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of eye injury. | Preventive measures for hyphema primarily involve protecting the eyes from trauma. This includes wearing protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of eye injury. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Eye injury]] | * [[Eye injury]] | ||
* [[Glaucoma]] | * [[Glaucoma]] | ||
* [[Ophthalmology]] | * [[Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Ophthalmology]] | [[Category:Ophthalmology]] | ||
[[Category:Eye diseases]] | [[Category:Eye diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:39, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Hyphema | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Eye pain, blurred vision, photophobia, red eye |
| Complications | Glaucoma, corneal blood staining, vision loss |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Varies, typically resolves in days to weeks |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Trauma, surgery, blood disorders |
| Risks | Sickle cell disease, anticoagulant therapy |
| Diagnosis | Slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement |
| Differential diagnosis | Conjunctival hemorrhage, iritis, vitreous hemorrhage |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Rest, eye shield, elevated head position, medications to lower intraocular pressure |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment, but depends on severity |
| Frequency | Common in cases of eye trauma |
| Deaths | N/A |
An overview of hyphema, its causes, symptoms, and treatment
Hyphema is a medical condition characterized by the presence of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, the space between the cornea and the iris. It is often the result of trauma to the eye but can also occur spontaneously in certain medical conditions.
Causes[edit]
Hyphema is most commonly caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the eye. Other causes include:
- Post-surgical complications
- Blood clotting disorders
- Neovascularization
- Ocular tumors
- Herpes zoster or herpes simplex infections
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of hyphema is the visible presence of blood in the anterior chamber. Other symptoms may include:
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain
- Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
- Increased intraocular pressure
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of hyphema is typically made through a clinical examination by an ophthalmologist. This may include:
- Slit lamp examination
- Tonometry to measure intraocular pressure
- Gonioscopy to examine the drainage angle of the eye
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of hyphema depends on the severity and underlying cause. Common approaches include:
- Bed rest with head elevation
- Use of an eye shield
- Topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
- Cycloplegic agents to relieve pain
- Antifibrinolytic agents to prevent re-bleeding
In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the blood and prevent complications such as glaucoma.
Complications[edit]
Potential complications of hyphema include:
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for hyphema primarily involve protecting the eyes from trauma. This includes wearing protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk of eye injury.
