Dasabuvir: Difference between revisions

Dasabuvir
	File:Dasabuvir.svg
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Latest revision as of 11:07, 23 March 2025

Antiviral medication used to treat hepatitis C

Dasabuvir is an antiviral drug used in the treatment of hepatitis C, a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is part of a combination therapy that targets the hepatitis C virus (HCV) to prevent it from multiplying in the body.

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Dasabuvir is a non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor. The NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is crucial for the replication of the hepatitis C virus. By inhibiting this enzyme, dasabuvir disrupts the replication process of the virus, thereby reducing the viral load in the patient's body.

Clinical Use[edit]

Dasabuvir is used in combination with other antiviral medications, such as ombitasvir, paritaprevir, and ritonavir, in a regimen known as Viekira Pak. This combination therapy is effective against certain genotypes of the hepatitis C virus, particularly genotype 1. The use of dasabuvir in combination therapy has been shown to achieve high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), which is considered a cure for hepatitis C.

Administration[edit]

Dasabuvir is administered orally, typically in the form of tablets. The standard dosage involves taking the medication twice daily with food, as part of the combination therapy regimen.

Side Effects[edit]

Common side effects of dasabuvir include fatigue, nausea, itching, and insomnia. More serious side effects can occur, and patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider. The combination therapy can also interact with other medications, so it is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

Dasabuvir is metabolized primarily in the liver and has a half-life that allows for twice-daily dosing. It is excreted in both urine and feces. The pharmacokinetic profile of dasabuvir can be affected by liver function, and dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with hepatic impairment.

Development and Approval[edit]

Dasabuvir was developed by AbbVie, a global biopharmaceutical company. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2014 as part of the Viekira Pak regimen for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.

Related Pages[edit]

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-{{intro}}
+{{Short description|Antiviral medication used to treat hepatitis C}}
-Viekira Pak is a combination of oral antiviral agents that is used to treat chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1.
+{{Drugbox
+| verifiedfields = changed
+| verifiedrevid = 477002648
+| image = Dasabuvir.svg
+| image2 =
+| width = 200
+| alt =
+| caption = Chemical structure of Dasabuvir
+}}
-{{livtox}}
+'''Dasabuvir''' is an [[antiviral drug]] used in the treatment of [[hepatitis C]], a viral infection that primarily affects the liver. It is part of a combination therapy that targets the hepatitis C virus (HCV) to prevent it from multiplying in the body.
-This combination has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations during therapy, and has been reported to cause rare cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice and may result in hepatic decompensation in some patients with preexisting cirrhosis.
-{{history}}
+==Mechanism of Action==
-The hepatitis C virus is a small RNA virus that is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States as well as worldwide.  Various approaches to antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C have been developed, starting in the 1980s with interferon alfa which was replaced in the 1990s by long acting forms of interferon (peginterferon), to which was added the oral nucleoside analogue, ribavirin.  Between 2010 and 2015, several potent oral, direct acting anti-HCV agents were developed and combinations of these found to have marked activity against the virus, allowing for highly effective and well tolerated therapy without use of interferon and with treatment courses of 8, 12 or 24 weeks only.
+Dasabuvir is a non-nucleoside [[NS5B polymerase inhibitor]]. The NS5B protein is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is crucial for the replication of the hepatitis C virus. By inhibiting this enzyme, dasabuvir disrupts the replication process of the virus, thereby reducing the viral load in the patient's body.
-{{moa}}
+==Clinical Use==
-[[Viekira Pak]] (vee kee' rah pak) is the commercial name for a combination of oral, direct acting antiviral agents used to treat chronic hepatitis C associated with HCV genotype 1.  The hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes several nonstructural (NS) polypeptides that are essential for its replication: NS3/4 that has protease and helicase activities, NS5A that is a membrane bound polypeptide that is essential in the creation of the replicative complex, and NS5B an HCV specific, RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase.  These polypeptides are effective targets for antiviral therapy of hepatitis C.  Viekira Pak is a combination paritaprevir (par’ i ta’ pre veer: formerly ABT-450) which is a potent HCV NS3/4 protease inhibitor, ombitasvir (om bit’ as veer: ABT-267) an NS5A replication complex inhibitor, and dasabuvir (da sa’ bue veer: ABT-333) a nonnucleoside HCV RNA polymerase [NS5B] inhibitor.  Paritaprevir is metabolized by CYP 3A4 and is typically given in combination with low doses of ritonavir, an inhibitor of CYP 3A4, to achieve higher and more prolonged drug levels which allow for once daily dosing.  In cell culture and in humans infected with HCV, each of the agents has potent activity against HCV, but development of antiviral resistance rapidly arises with continued exposure.  The combination of several direct acting agents with different molecular targets allows for a sustained viral suppression while avoiding antiviral resistance.
+Dasabuvir is used in combination with other antiviral medications, such as [[ombitasvir]], [[paritaprevir]], and [[ritonavir]], in a regimen known as Viekira Pak. This combination therapy is effective against certain genotypes of the hepatitis C virus, particularly genotype 1. The use of dasabuvir in combination therapy has been shown to achieve high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR), which is considered a cure for hepatitis C.
-{{use}}
+==Administration==
-The combination of these three agents (and ritonavir) with and without ribavirin (an antiviral nucleoside analogue with activity against HCV) has been shown to be very effective in suppressing HCV replication in patients infected with HCV genotype 1, and to result in a sustained virological response (SVR) and eradication of HCV in more than 90% of patients when given for 12 weeks or more.
+Dasabuvir is administered orally, typically in the form of tablets. The standard dosage involves taking the medication twice daily with food, as part of the combination therapy regimen.
-{{fda}}
+==Side Effects==
-Viekira Pak was approved for use in the United States in 2015, the second all-oral antiviral combination to receive approval for chronic hepatitis C.  It is available as two tablets, one being the fixed combination of ombitasvir (12.5 mg), paritaprevir (75 mg) and ritonavir (100 mg) which is given once daily, and the other being dasabuvir (250 mg) which is given twice daily with meals.
+Common side effects of dasabuvir include fatigue, nausea, itching, and insomnia. More serious side effects can occur, and patients are advised to report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider. The combination therapy can also interact with other medications, so it is important for patients to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking.
-{{dose}}
+==Pharmacokinetics==
-Ribavirin (if a part of the combination therapy as is recommended for genotype 1a and for patients with cirrhosis) is available in tablets of 200 mg and is given twice daily for a total dose of 1,000 mg (if body weight is <75 kg) or 1,200 mg (if body weight ≥75 kg).  Current indications for Viekira Pak (the combination of dasabuvir, ombitasvir and paritaprevir with ritonavir: D-O-P/r) are limited to patients with HCV genotype 1.  The combination of just ombitasvir and paritaprevir with ritonavir (O-P/r) is also available under the commercial name Technive and is approved for use in combination with ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C, genotype 4, without cirrhosis.  Side effects of Viekira Pak and Technive are uncommon, but are generally mild and can include nausea, itching, rash, cough and insomnia.  When given with ribavirin, side effects are greater, but are largely due to the hemolysis, nasal congestion and skin reactions that are common with that agent.
+Dasabuvir is metabolized primarily in the liver and has a half-life that allows for twice-daily dosing. It is excreted in both urine and feces. The pharmacokinetic profile of dasabuvir can be affected by liver function, and dose adjustments may be necessary for patients with hepatic impairment.
-{{hepatitis c drugs}}
-{{coststubd}}
+==Development and Approval==
+Dasabuvir was developed by [[AbbVie]], a global biopharmaceutical company. It was approved by the [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) in December 2014 as part of the Viekira Pak regimen for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection.
+==Related Pages==
+* [[Hepatitis C]]
+* [[Antiviral drug]]
+* [[NS5B polymerase inhibitor]]
+* [[AbbVie]]
+[[Category:Antiviral drugs]]
+[[Category:Hepatitis C]]
+[[Category:NS5B polymerase inhibitors]]