Transversion: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 16:26, 16 February 2025

Transversion[edit]

A transversion is a type of point mutation in DNA where a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine, or vice versa. This contrasts with a transition, where a purine is replaced with another purine, or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine.

Types of Transversions[edit]

Transversions can be categorized based on the specific bases involved:

Purine to Pyrimidine:

 * Adenine (A) to Cytosine (C) or Thymine (T)
 * Guanine (G) to Cytosine (C) or Thymine (T)

Pyrimidine to Purine:

 * Cytosine (C) to Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)
 * Thymine (T) to Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)

Biological Significance[edit]

Transversions are less common than transitions but can have significant effects on the genetic code. Because they involve a change in the chemical structure of the base, transversions can lead to more drastic changes in the amino acid sequence of proteins, potentially altering protein function.

Mutational Effects[edit]

Transversions can result in:

Missense mutations, where the change in base leads to the incorporation of a different amino acid in the protein.
Nonsense mutations, where the change creates a premature stop codon, leading to truncated proteins.
Silent mutations, where the change does not affect the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.

Detection and Analysis[edit]

Transversions can be detected through various molecular biology techniques, such as DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Understanding the frequency and distribution of transversions in a genome can provide insights into the mechanisms of mutagenesis and the evolutionary pressures acting on an organism.

Related Pages[edit]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Transversion''' is a type of [[mutation]] that occurs in [[DNA]] when a [[purine]] (adenine or guanine) is replaced by a [[pyrimidine]] (cytosine or thymine), or vice versa. This is in contrast to [[transition mutations]], which involve a purine being replaced by another purine, or a pyrimidine being replaced by another pyrimidine.
+== Transversion ==
-==Mechanism==
+[[File:All_transitions_and_transversions.svg|thumb|right|Diagram showing all possible transitions and transversions in DNA.]]
-Transversions can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including [[deamination]], [[oxidative damage]], and the action of [[DNA repair]] enzymes. They can also be induced by certain [[carcinogens]], such as those found in tobacco smoke and charred food.
-==Effects==
+A '''transversion''' is a type of [[point mutation]] in [[DNA]] where a [[purine]] is substituted for a [[pyrimidine]], or vice versa. This contrasts with a [[transition (genetics)|transition]], where a purine is replaced with another purine, or a pyrimidine is replaced with another pyrimidine.
-The effects of transversions can vary widely, depending on the specific location and context of the mutation. In some cases, they can lead to the production of a different [[amino acid]] in a [[protein]], potentially altering its function. This can result in a variety of [[genetic disorders]], including certain forms of [[cancer]]. However, many transversions are [[silent mutations]], meaning they do not result in any noticeable change in the organism.
-==Detection==
+=== Types of Transversions ===
-Transversions can be detected using a variety of techniques, including [[DNA sequencing]] and [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR). These methods can identify the specific location and nature of the mutation, allowing for targeted treatment strategies.
-==See also==
+Transversions can be categorized based on the specific bases involved:
-* [[Transition mutation]]
+* '''Purine to Pyrimidine:'''
+  * [[Adenine]] (A) to [[Cytosine]] (C) or [[Thymine]] (T)
+  * [[Guanine]] (G) to Cytosine (C) or Thymine (T)
+* '''Pyrimidine to Purine:'''
+  * Cytosine (C) to Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)
+  * Thymine (T) to Adenine (A) or Guanine (G)
+=== Biological Significance ===
+Transversions are less common than transitions but can have significant effects on the [[genetic code]]. Because they involve a change in the chemical structure of the base, transversions can lead to more drastic changes in the [[amino acid]] sequence of proteins, potentially altering protein function.
+=== Mutational Effects ===
+Transversions can result in:
+* '''[[Missense mutation|Missense mutations]]''', where the change in base leads to the incorporation of a different amino acid in the protein.
+* '''[[Nonsense mutation|Nonsense mutations]]''', where the change creates a premature [[stop codon]], leading to truncated proteins.
+* '''[[Silent mutation|Silent mutations]]''', where the change does not affect the amino acid sequence due to the redundancy of the genetic code.
+=== Detection and Analysis ===
+Transversions can be detected through various [[molecular biology]] techniques, such as [[DNA sequencing]] and [[polymerase chain reaction]] (PCR). Understanding the frequency and distribution of transversions in a genome can provide insights into the mechanisms of [[mutagenesis]] and the evolutionary pressures acting on an organism.
+== Related Pages ==
+* [[Transition (genetics)]]
 * [[Point mutation]]
-* [[Frameshift mutation]]
+* [[DNA replication]]
-* [[Missense mutation]]
+* [[Genetic code]]
-* [[Nonsense mutation]]
+{{Genetics}}
 [[Category:Genetics]]
-[[Category:Mutation]]
+[[Category:Molecular biology]]
-{{Genetics-stub}}