Ventricular zone
Ventricular Zone
The Ventricular Zone (pronounced: ven-TRIK-yoo-lar zone) is a layer of cells that line the inside of the neural tube in an embryo. This zone is the site where the majority of neurons in the brain are produced.
Etymology
The term "Ventricular Zone" is derived from the Latin word 'ventriculus' meaning 'little belly', and the Greek word 'zone' meaning 'belt'.
Structure
The Ventricular Zone is composed of neuroepithelial cells, which are stem cells that can divide and differentiate into various types of neurons and glial cells. These cells are arranged in a pseudostratified epithelium, meaning that while they appear to be in multiple layers, each cell is actually in contact with the ventricular surface.
Function
The primary function of the Ventricular Zone is to produce neurons through a process called neurogenesis. This process begins around the third week of embryonic development and continues until the brain is fully formed. The Ventricular Zone also produces glial cells, which provide support and protection for neurons.
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities in the Ventricular Zone can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, including microcephaly, a condition characterized by a smaller than normal head size, and lissencephaly, a disorder characterized by a lack of normal folds and wrinkles in the brain.
Related Terms
- Neurogenesis: The process by which neurons are generated from neural stem cells.
- Neuroepithelial cells: The cells that make up the Ventricular Zone and give rise to neurons and glial cells.
- Microcephaly: A medical condition in which the brain does not develop properly, resulting in a smaller than normal head size.
- Lissencephaly: A rare brain formation disorder characterized by a lack of normal folds and wrinkles in the brain.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Ventricular zone
- Wikipedia's article - Ventricular zone
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