Tetrahydroharmine

Tetrahydroharmine (THH) is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid found in various plants, most notably in the Banisteriopsis caapi vine, which is a key ingredient in the traditional Amazonian hallucinogenic brew known as Ayahuasca. It is also found in the seeds of the Syrian rue plant (Peganum harmala).

Chemistry

Tetrahydroharmine is a beta-carboline class of alkaloid, and is structurally related to harmine and harmaline, two other active constituents of B. caapi. It is unique among the harmala alkaloids in being a potent and selective inhibitor of the serotonin reuptake transporter, and this action may contribute to the psychoactive effects of ayahuasca.

Pharmacology

The pharmacological action of tetrahydroharmine is complex and not fully understood. It is known to act as a weak monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and also has serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) properties. This dual action can lead to an increase in serotonin levels in the brain, which can result in mood elevation and potentially hallucinogenic effects.

Effects

The effects of tetrahydroharmine are largely dependent on the dosage and the individual's sensitivity to the substance. At lower doses, it can produce mild stimulant effects, while at higher doses it can induce a state of psychedelic hallucination. The hallucinogenic effects are often described as being less intense than those of other psychedelic substances, such as DMT or LSD, but can still be profound and life-changing.

Safety

While tetrahydroharmine is generally considered safe when used in a traditional ceremonial context, it can potentially interact with other substances, particularly those that affect the serotonin system, such as SSRIs and certain recreational drugs. This can lead to a potentially dangerous condition known as serotonin syndrome. Therefore, it is recommended that individuals with a history of mental health issues, particularly those related to serotonin, use caution when considering the use of substances containing tetrahydroharmine.

Legal Status

The legal status of tetrahydroharmine varies by country. In some countries, it is classified as a controlled substance, while in others it is legal to possess and use. It is always recommended to check local laws before acquiring or using substances containing tetrahydroharmine.

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  Structural formula of (R)-Tetrahydroharmine

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  Tetrahydroharmaline