Terpenes
Terpenes
Terpenes (/ˈtɜːrpiːn/), also known as isoprenoids, are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced primarily by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, and by some insects. They often have a strong odor and may protect the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by attracting predators and parasites of herbivores.
Etymology
The word "terpene" is derived from the word "turpentine", which is a solvent containing terpene produced from the resin of pine trees.
Types of Terpenes
Terpenes are classified by the number of isoprene units in the molecule. A prefix in the name indicates the number of terpene units needed to assemble the molecule.
- Monoterpenes - consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10H16. Examples include myrcene and limonene.
- Sesquiterpenes - consist of three isoprene units and have the molecular formula C15H24. Examples include farnesene and humulene.
- Diterpenes - consist of four isoprene units and have the molecular formula C20H32. They derive from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Examples include taxadiene and phytol.
- Triterpenes - consist of six isoprene units and have the molecular formula C30H48. They derive from squalene and are the precursors of steroids. Examples include amyrin and betulin.
Biological Importance
Terpenes play a crucial role in the biological function of plants and animals. They are the primary constituents of the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers, and are often used in perfumery and aromatherapy. Some terpenes are known to have physiological effects on the human body.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Terpenes
- Wikipedia's article - Terpenes
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