Spongiocyte

Spongiocyte is a type of cell found in the adrenal cortex, specifically in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. These cells are characterized by their foamy appearance, which is due to the presence of lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Spongiocytes are primarily involved in the production of glucocorticoids and androgens, which are types of steroid hormones.

Structure

Spongiocytes are large cells with a round or oval nucleus. The cytoplasm of these cells is filled with lipid droplets, which give them a foamy or spongy appearance. These lipid droplets are the precursors of steroid hormones, which are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum of the spongiocytes.

Function

The primary function of spongiocytes is the production of steroid hormones. In the zona fasciculata, spongiocytes produce glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. These hormones are involved in the regulation of metabolism, immune response, and stress response. In the zona reticularis, spongiocytes produce androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. These hormones are precursors to sex hormones, including testosterone and estrogen.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the function or structure of spongiocytes can lead to various medical conditions. For example, adrenocortical adenoma or adrenocortical carcinoma can result from the uncontrolled growth of spongiocytes. These tumors can lead to overproduction of steroid hormones, resulting in conditions such as Cushing's syndrome or Conn's syndrome. On the other hand, damage to the spongiocytes, such as in Addison's disease, can lead to insufficient production of steroid hormones.

See also

• Adrenal gland
• Steroid hormone
• Endocrine system

References

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