Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency

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Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (si-ˈlek-tiv ˌim-yə-nō-glō-ˈbyü-lən ˈā dē-ˈfi-shən-ˌsē) is a genetic disorder characterized by an absence or extremely low levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the body. This condition is one of the most common primary immunodeficiency disorders.

Etymology

The term "Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency" is derived from the following components: "Selective", from the Latin selectus, meaning chosen; "immunoglobulin", from the Latin immunis meaning exempt, and globulus meaning small sphere; and "A deficiency", from the Latin deficientia meaning lack or shortage.

Definition

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency is a disorder in which the body produces insufficient amounts of IgA, a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune response. This deficiency can lead to an increased susceptibility to infections, particularly in the mucous membranes in the body such as the lungs, sinuses, and intestines.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency can vary greatly among individuals. Some people may be asymptomatic, while others may experience recurrent respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, allergic reactions, and autoimmune diseases.

Causes

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency is believed to be a genetic disorder, although the exact genetic cause is not fully understood. It is thought to be an autosomal recessive condition, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, to develop the disorder.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency typically involves blood tests to measure the levels of different types of immunoglobulins in the body. A diagnosis can be confirmed if the IgA level is significantly low or absent while levels of other immunoglobulins are normal.

Treatment

There is currently no cure for Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and preventing infections. This may involve the use of antibiotics to treat or prevent infections, and immunoglobulin therapy may be considered in some cases.

See also

External links

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