Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A (IgA, pronounced /ɪˌmjʊnəˈɡlɒbjʊlɪn eɪ/) is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune system's function in the mucous membranes. The term "Immunoglobulin A" is derived from the Latin roots "immunis" meaning exempt, and "globus" meaning sphere, referring to the protein's role in the immune response.
Structure
Immunoglobulin A is a monomer in its basic form, but in the secretory immune system, it is a dimer that includes the J chain and the secretory component. This structure allows it to carry out its functions effectively in the mucosal immune system.
Function
Immunoglobulin A is primarily found in areas of the body such as the nose, breathing passages, digestive tract, ears, eyes, and vagina. It is responsible for protecting these body surfaces against foreign substances. It does this by preventing the entry of pathogens and their toxins into the body.
Clinical significance
Immunoglobulin A deficiency is a common primary immunodeficiency. People with this condition are prone to infections, particularly in the sinuses, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract. They may also have an increased risk of developing autoimmune diseases.
Related terms
- Antibody
- Immune system
- Mucous membranes
- Monomer
- Dimer
- Secretory immune system
- Pathogens
- Primary immunodeficiency
- Autoimmune diseases
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Immunoglobulin A
- Wikipedia's article - Immunoglobulin A
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