Scleritis

MEDICAL EDITOR

Prab R. Tumpati, MD — Editor-in-Chief, WikiMD Medical Encyclopedia
Internal medicine • Obesity medicine • Sleep medicine
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Scleritis
Synonyms	N/A
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Severe eye pain, redness, tearing, photophobia
Complications	Vision loss, glaucoma, cataract
Onset	Typically between ages 30-60
Duration	Can be chronic or recurrent
Types	N/A
Causes	Often associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, lupus
Risks	Autoimmune disorders, previous eye surgery, infections
Diagnosis	Clinical examination, slit lamp examination, imaging studies
Differential diagnosis	Episcleritis, conjunctivitis, keratitis
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Medication	Prednisone, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	Rarely life-threatening, but can lead to severe complications

Recurrent scleritis

Scleritis is a serious inflammation of the sclera, the white outer coating of the eye. It is often associated with underlying autoimmune diseases and can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated promptly.

Causes

Scleritis is often associated with systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and vasculitis. It can also be caused by infection, trauma, or exposure to certain chemicals or medications.

Symptoms

The main symptom of scleritis is severe, constant pain in the eye that often radiates to the face or head. Other symptoms can include redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and a feeling of pressure in the eye.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of scleritis is usually made based on the patient's symptoms and a physical examination of the eye. Additional tests, such as blood tests, imaging studies, and a biopsy of the sclera, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and identify any underlying conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for scleritis usually involves corticosteroid medications to reduce inflammation and pain. In severe cases, other types of immunosuppressive therapy may be needed. If an underlying condition is identified, treatment for that condition is also necessary.

Prognosis

With prompt and appropriate treatment, most people with scleritis can achieve good control of their symptoms and prevent serious complications. However, scleritis can be a chronic condition that requires ongoing management.

See also

• Uveitis
• Keratitis
• Episcleritis