Postpartum bleeding

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Postpartum bleeding
Synonyms	Postpartum hemorrhage, PPH
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Heavy bleeding after childbirth
Complications	Hypovolemic shock, anemia, death
Onset	Within 24 hours of delivery (primary), up to 6 weeks postpartum (secondary)
Duration	Varies
Types	N/A
Causes	Uterine atony, retained placenta, trauma, coagulation disorders
Risks	Multiple pregnancy, prolonged labor, induced labor, episiotomy
Diagnosis	Clinical assessment, blood tests, ultrasound
Differential diagnosis	N/A
Prevention	Active management of the third stage of labor, uterotonics
Treatment	Uterotonics, IV fluids, blood transfusion, surgery
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Affects about 1-5% of deliveries
Deaths	Leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide

Front view of postpartum uterine massage

Side view of postpartum uterine massage with internal anatomy

Postpartum bleeding or lochia is the heavy bleeding that a woman experiences after giving birth (postpartum period). This bleeding is the body's way of getting rid of excess blood and tissue in the uterus that helped the baby grow. Postpartum bleeding typically lasts for two to six weeks after delivery.

Causes

Postpartum bleeding is a natural occurrence after childbirth. It is caused by the detachment of the placenta from the wall of the uterus. When the placenta is delivered, the area where it was attached to the uterus begins to bleed. The uterus then contracts to stop the bleeding and to expel any remaining placental tissue.

Symptoms

The main symptom of postpartum bleeding is heavy bleeding, which is usually bright red at first. The bleeding may contain small clots and may become lighter in color and flow over time. Other symptoms may include fatigue, dizziness, and a rapid heart rate.

Treatment

Treatment for postpartum bleeding depends on the cause and severity of the bleeding. In most cases, the bleeding can be managed with rest and hydration. However, in some cases, medication or surgery may be required to stop the bleeding and prevent complications.

Prevention

Prevention of postpartum bleeding includes proper prenatal care, a healthy diet, and regular exercise during pregnancy. It is also important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions during labor and delivery.

See also

• Postpartum period
• Placenta
• Childbirth