Phycomycosis

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Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
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Phycomycosis
Synonyms	Zygomycosis, Mucormycosis
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Fever, skin lesions, sinusitis, pulmonary infection, gastrointestinal infection
Complications	Tissue necrosis, organ failure, sepsis
Onset	Rapid
Duration	Variable
Types	N/A
Causes	Fungal infection by Zygomycetes
Risks	Diabetes mellitus, immunocompromised state, iron overload
Diagnosis	Histopathology, culture, PCR
Differential diagnosis	Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Bacterial infection
Prevention	Avoidance of exposure, control of underlying conditions
Treatment	Antifungal medication, surgical debridement
Medication	Amphotericin B, Posaconazole, Isavuconazole
Prognosis	Variable, often poor without treatment
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

Phycomycosis is a type of fungal infection that affects both humans and animals. It is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. The disease is characterized by the formation of large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins.

Etiology

Phycomycosis is caused by various species of fungi in the order Mucorales. These fungi are ubiquitous in the environment and are commonly found in soil, decaying organic matter, and the gastrointestinal tract of animals. Infection usually occurs through inhalation of fungal spores or direct inoculation into the skin or mucous membranes.

Clinical Presentation

The clinical presentation of phycomycosis can vary depending on the site of infection. Cutaneous phycomycosis presents as large, non-healing ulcers, often with a necrotic center and raised, indurated margins. Pulmonary phycomycosis can present with cough, fever, and hemoptysis. Gastrointestinal phycomycosis can present with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of phycomycosis is based on clinical presentation, histopathological examination, and culture of the fungus. Histopathological examination typically shows broad, non-septate hyphae with right-angle branching. Culture of the fungus can be performed on Sabouraud's agar.

Treatment

Treatment of phycomycosis involves surgical debridement of the infected tissue and antifungal therapy. The antifungal drug of choice is amphotericin B. In severe cases, combination therapy with other antifungal drugs may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis of phycomycosis is generally poor, especially in immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment can improve the prognosis.

Gallery

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  Hyphae of Pythium insidiosum

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  Mature sporangium of a Mucor species fungus

See Also

• Mucormycosis
• Zygomycosis
• Fungal infection
• Amphotericin B

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